Career Aspirations Of Individuals Commerce Essay

Career Aspirations Of Individuals Commerce Essay Every individual has an aspiration regarding his or her career. However organisation plays an important role in individual career aspiration. Recruitment plays a vital role in career aspirations because organisation need to be a learning organisation so that when they recruit employees, they have the motivation factor and the employees would have a feeling that they will develop and learn new ways that could be beneficial for their career growth.An individual leaves the company when there is no learning and motivation and he or she gets bored with the culture and environment of the organisation. Companies should mainly target the high performance of the employees. Good examples for this can the company Accenture. Accenture always focus on their responsibility of organisational change and transformational work. They involve talent and organisational performance to make workers more productive even under complex changes taking place in the working environment. Career transitions are result of improper work environment and stagnant learning behaviour of the organisation. The involvement of talent and organisational consulting helps the business operations even under pressure. Accenture also involves the customer relationship management. The recruitment procedure of Accenture is transparent as they look for applicant that has got broad understanding of the business. People who have got multi skills are recruited who are then nurtured by senior leaders of the organisation. Training and development program are one of the best way of retaining staff (John wiley and sons). Accenture provides on job training which helps the employees to learn and reach the top level and help them top grow continuously.() Mentoring is the important process which helps the recruitment because Accenture provides the support to their employees. Along with this they provide sound and competitive environment to cultivate mentoring relationship among the co-workers. They also involve the reviews and revising of their product so as to update them according to their taste and demand of the customers. The leaders are always working to implement the new ways for their employees to learn(-). They also provide online courses so that their employees always undergo the learning process. People from different culture works in Accenture that automatically creates the competitive and learning environment which is the basic requirement for the people to learn and develop their career goals.(www.accenture.com/careers) Organisation generally looks for people who can act as team workers. Knowledge enhancement and sharing can be another way of learning because this leads to the development of views from different individuals having different perspective (John Hall and Peter Oppenheim). Organisations search for people having a directed and focused target. Talent management is another important aspect that should be kept in mind during the process of the recruitment(-). Accenture process on long term consequences because companys regret when their decisions prove to be wrong and the employees start leaving the organisation. Implementation of innovative and effective approach to talent management can prove beneficial to improve the condition of the company even in the bad time. Accenture believes that if an organisation response quickly to talent management it can solve problem in much lesser time. Accenture has resource based strategies. It evaluates the talented workers as their asset and not the cost (www.accenture.com). By using the workers analytical talent, organisations can expand their analytical capabilities which in turn can increase the KSA of the employees.() New career forms have lot of importance on organisational activities. Recruitment should be done keeping in mind the flexibility for the employees so that employees feel that organisation cares for them. Availability of part time and full time options allows the employees to work more effectively. Job sharing can be a reason for staff retention. Job sharing is increasingly used by companies as broader views can be encountered because this may not be an individual persons view. Hence, view from different people can be beneficial for the company. Accenture can be a good example that favours for the flexible working. They believe that part time workers are more enthusiastic and energetic as they work for lesser time than a full time employee. Part time working is beneficial for Accenture because it helps to retain people with great potential.Flexi time helps to use the workers more effectively rather than making the employees to work long shifts every day as it decreases their efficienc y. Job sharing can be another possible flexible working style. Accentures working style is such that the work load is divided among different people because it ultimately involves more external views that can result in the better output. Job sharing is helpful in keeping people in career track(). Accenture does not discriminate on the basis of sex, colour or ethnic origin, in fact the only criteria is performance and qualification. Career transition can also be another mode of flexible working because in this case the companies send people outside the organisation around different locations of the world so as to get international experience of diversified culture which can be helpful in getting the extra factor for the success of the organisation. Job Analysis Before recruiting a candidate it is necessary to decide the nature of the job. It is necessary to overview what could be the possible output and whether it fits into the requirement criteria of the organisation and the job profile. Some of the ways of finding information regarding this can be interviews and questionnaire. However job analysis should be framed by keeping in mind using the Job/Person specification (CIPD).Job design is a group of motivational work patterns for improving the efficiency and satisfaction (Daft, 1990:530).Due to industrial revolution it is important for companies to switch to new methods that provide job satisfaction for employees which can help in providing positive outcomes (Morgan 1997:15). Job description and person specification A job description basically defines the roles and responsibilities of an individual in an organisation. A job description is important because it clearly describes the expectations of the employer for a particular vacancy in the company. A part from this a proper job description is also helpful in attracting the potential and talented applicants because it describes the nature and corporate image of the company. A job description may also be used as appraisal system to evaluate individuals performance. A person specification describes the skills and the knowledge required from a candidate to successfully operate a task. It clearly defines the requirement from the applicants and also provides the overall view of the expectations of the experience required to complete the task. A person specification is also helpful for the organisation in recruiting the candidates during the recruitment process. Person Environment Fit Person environment fit is the matching or alignment among the company culture and environment with the employees characteristics. The more is the alignment, the greater will be the positive the positive result (Schneider, Smit Goldstein,2002, OStroff,Shin Feiberg,2002).If there is mismatch among different ideas ,the employees will start to leave the organisation. Sometimes new comers may not be fit he organisational; characteristics and may develop conflicts which may decrease the efficiency of the employees(Chatman Barsades,1995).Person environment fit further adds to low staff turnover and establishes communication among different levels of the organisation. Organisational brand image plays an important role in attracting the potential applicants. This is because it is the organisations brand and recruitment image that increases the probability of applicants of contacting the organisation (Gatewood et al, 1993).The mail idea of employer branding is to attract the applicant that have the capacity and ensure that they identify the organisations mission and vision and then work to produce the desired outcome (Graeme Martin, 1998) E-Recruitment The purpose of E-Recruitment is to attract the potential employees to apply for posted vacancies. The Human Resource Management plays an important role in an organisation because recruitment is done keeping in mind the vision and mission of the company. The recruitment strategy of any organisation is to first identify the type of person necessary to fulfil a vacancy and then provide them with other training and development programmes to acquire KSA that may be required to deliver the vision and mission strategy. The principle aim of recruitment strategy is to attract quality and potential applicants. E-Recruitment is also sometimes known as online recruitment. E- Recruitment is recruitment of potential employees using the latest technology to attract and then recruit the candidates. There are several methods of recruitment. Internal recruitment is one in which a company find a replacement within the organisation, that is, someone from the organisation fills the vacancy whereas external recruitment is the process in which business works for the suitable applicant outside the organisation. There are several advantages of both the type of said recruitment. Some of the advantages of internal recruitment are that since the candidate is chosen from within the organisation, he/she is familiar with the environment and is quicker and cheaper to recruit. Apart from this company may already know the strength and weakness of the candidate. However there are some disadvantages like no new ideas from outside the organisation is inherited and also it creates another vacancy which anyhow needs to be filled in from other sources. The disadvantages of internal recruitment can be overcome in external recruitment like innovative ideas from outside the organisation can be generated. Another disadvantage is poor availability of people from which recruitment needs to be done, however it is an expensive and time consuming process. Comparisons of e- recruitment with traditional methods Companies prefer to use e- recruitment because it is quicker and attractive for applicants. E.g: an employee fills a vacancy application online. Now it is easier to receive the feedback via emails because it is faster and quicker. On the other end if we entertain applications in the form of resumes and covering letters, the first problem is to gather the hard copies. However, if it is online, it can be accessed from anywhere. Apart from this, in order to give the feedback, companies may need to post the letters. Some of the problems with these postal letters may result in delay or loss of the copy. Hence, the employee does not get the good impression of the company since he or she could not receive the feedback. Another possibility is that the organisation may provide the feedback over a phone but telephonic feedback can be more personal and hence, companies tries to avoid it and use it to minimum extend. Another reason for the companies using e-recruitment is that the companies get the chance to express their brand image via website. More attractive is the website greater will be the application of the applicant. Applicant gets the complete information of the company with its back ground and future goals and also the vision and mission statement to be accomplished. It is easier to post jobs specifications and realistic job previews (RJP) on websites. Companies can represent themselves and can be more transparent using the e-recruitment methods. Apart from this companys can be more descriptive on the websites. Another reason for the companies in posting job vacancies on web site is that it is easier and cheaper to advertise on websites rather than newspapers or advertising on hoardings because in the second case they need to first do the analysis as to where are their targeting customers and then need to make postings. On the other hand, posting on the websites is easier and easily accessible from anywhere. Survey suggests that using e-recruitment has almost cut 80% of the input cost as compared to traditional method. Another aspect of the e-recruitment is that user can use it 24 x 7. However, traditional methods do not provide such flexibility. Hence, E-Recruitment can be a win win situation for the employee as well as the employer. E- Recruitment is beneficial for the employer because it is easy to check the status of the candidate at the time of hiring. However, there are some disadvantages as well of the e-recruitment. Companies need to update their website on regular basis. This is because if there are no new updates on the website this may deteriorate the brand image of the company. There may be occasions where, there can be technical problem on the website which may prove to be disaster because the organisation could not access any data from the website. Apart from this it may require great funds to get technical assistance. Another problem is that websites cannot provide two way communications. Sometimes possibility of passive (duplicate) resumes is also another problem being faced by the companies in e- recruitment and there is no proper solution to this problem till now. E-Recruitment can be beneficial for a company and the company can learn a lot from it, says the Head of Recruitment of 3s (U.K Mobile Company).The company states that the principle reason for redesigning of their websites is to attract employee to apply for the job since the E-Recruitment has completely changed the attractiveness of the company. Now new employees can complete a form in very less time as compared to other previous recruitment methods. 3s online E-Recruitment strategy In year 2002, 3 (mobile company) started to recruit the employees though online recruitment. This is because they thought that online recruitment can provide more positive experience of the company as compared to other methods. It increased their efficiency and speed of hiring the employees. It helped them to access loads of application systematically. The head of recruitment department further states that not only E-Recruitment has made recruitment easier and quicker but it has also helped the company to improve its brand image which in turn has helped them to attract the potential employees (Rebecca Baker, Head of recruitment department).She continued saying that now candidates can track the status of their application at any stage of the recruitment process. She added saying that in year 2002, company hired 41% employees from the agencies. However these figures have dropped down to only 19% in the year 2007.This is the reason why they rely more on e E-Recruitment rather than other traditional methods. The company encountered a profit of  £1760 per year. Furthermore it became easier for the company to post job vacancies on websites rather than posing vacancies somewhere else which was much more complicated and expensive(www.three.co.uk) Another company named Stonefish Software also experienced tremendous advantages and profit of using E-Recruitment. Caroline Catmur (HR Administrator) states that use of E-Recruitment in October 2007 proved to be a boon for the organisation. Everything looks to be simple and more streamlined after the involvement of E-Recruitment. She further stated that another advantage of E-Recruitment was saving on both time and paperwork. She further added saying that E-Recruitment has been a driving force for the development of their organisation (www.stonefish.co.uk) Conclusion The essay briefly describes the career aspirations and the impact of recruitment and selection on individual career. It throws light on the company Accenture that provides flexibility and works consistently for retaining their staff. This describes as to how companies should prepare the job and person specifications so as to attract the potential applicants. The advantages of learning organisation and talent management are explained that helps the company to decide the basis for recruiting the potential applicants. The importance of E-Recruitment, its advantages and disadvantages are explained that helped the companies in recent time to overcome the problems of recruitment and selection. Two companies 3(Mobile Company) and Stonefish Software are illustrated showing their comments on the result of using E-Recruitment in their organisation.

Manaqeb Xani and Fazayel Xani Essay -- Iranian Storytelling

Over the years, Iranian Storytelling (Naqali) has been divided into various kinds and it has taken many different functions. Among them, Religious Storytelling has been assigned a propagandistic function. It was used as a device for the promoting Shiite and Sunnite Religions. There are many branches in Iranian religious Storytelling; Manaqeb Xani and Fazayel Xani are two to be noticed. This article is focused on both of these two types. Knowing that, Storytelling is an oral art and less attracting in spite of Ta‘ziyeh for many years, the threat of being forgotten is undeniable as the role of Storytellers in the society is diminishing. Therefore, it is essential to pay more attention and evaluate this art through documented studies and researches. Noticeable is that, these arts affect many Ta‘ziyeh’s plays with great roles in Iranian religious performances. Thus, in order to study Iranian drama, we need to have a comprehensive knowledge about Iranian Storytelling. The word uses information sources including books, articles, and masters of the field, who devoted many years to study rituals and custom and preserve them through ages. Moreover, they do their best to record these arts and make them a reliable document for future use. An Introduction to Iranian Storytelling Beside XeymÉ™ Ã… ¡ab-bÄ zÄ « and Ta’zÄ «ya, Storytelling (NaqqÄ lÄ «) is the most important type of Iranian real performance, that through ages is has become part of Iranian life and it is considered as a part of their spiritual cultural legacy. This art has an old antiquity and rooted in ancient Iran. Storytelling has been widespread during AÃ… ¡kÄ nÄ «yÄ n’s (250 B.C.-224 A.D.) and SÄ sÄ nÄ «yÄ n’s (224-651 A.D.) eras and it is believed to be belonged to these eras or even earli... ... says: â€Å"in the 10th century A.H Manaqeb Xani gave its position to Rowzeh Xani† (AÃ… ¾and 34). Beyza’i also talks about the descending trend of Manaqeb Xani: â€Å"even when the cause of this (propagative side) was diminished, Manaqeb Xani remained as a marginal side for Storytelling or popular entertainmentØ› it still has a role in popular performances or Iranian Storytelling the performer or Storyteller read about the Manaqeb of Ali† (BeyzÄ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã„ « 71). Conclusion Over the ages of competition between Shiite and Sunnite in Iran, Storytellers of Manaqeb Xani (Manaqebis) had an important role in Shiite’s gradual dominance and Sunnite’s doubling. Sunnite created a type of narrating technique known as Fazayel Xani to fight back Manaqeb Xani (Religious telling of Shiite). Accordingly, the competition between Sunnite and Shiite had been reflected in Fazayel Xani and Manaqeb Xani. Manaqeb Xani and Fazayel Xani Essay -- Iranian Storytelling Over the years, Iranian Storytelling (Naqali) has been divided into various kinds and it has taken many different functions. Among them, Religious Storytelling has been assigned a propagandistic function. It was used as a device for the promoting Shiite and Sunnite Religions. There are many branches in Iranian religious Storytelling; Manaqeb Xani and Fazayel Xani are two to be noticed. This article is focused on both of these two types. Knowing that, Storytelling is an oral art and less attracting in spite of Ta‘ziyeh for many years, the threat of being forgotten is undeniable as the role of Storytellers in the society is diminishing. Therefore, it is essential to pay more attention and evaluate this art through documented studies and researches. Noticeable is that, these arts affect many Ta‘ziyeh’s plays with great roles in Iranian religious performances. Thus, in order to study Iranian drama, we need to have a comprehensive knowledge about Iranian Storytelling. The word uses information sources including books, articles, and masters of the field, who devoted many years to study rituals and custom and preserve them through ages. Moreover, they do their best to record these arts and make them a reliable document for future use. An Introduction to Iranian Storytelling Beside XeymÉ™ Ã… ¡ab-bÄ zÄ « and Ta’zÄ «ya, Storytelling (NaqqÄ lÄ «) is the most important type of Iranian real performance, that through ages is has become part of Iranian life and it is considered as a part of their spiritual cultural legacy. This art has an old antiquity and rooted in ancient Iran. Storytelling has been widespread during AÃ… ¡kÄ nÄ «yÄ n’s (250 B.C.-224 A.D.) and SÄ sÄ nÄ «yÄ n’s (224-651 A.D.) eras and it is believed to be belonged to these eras or even earli... ... says: â€Å"in the 10th century A.H Manaqeb Xani gave its position to Rowzeh Xani† (AÃ… ¾and 34). Beyza’i also talks about the descending trend of Manaqeb Xani: â€Å"even when the cause of this (propagative side) was diminished, Manaqeb Xani remained as a marginal side for Storytelling or popular entertainmentØ› it still has a role in popular performances or Iranian Storytelling the performer or Storyteller read about the Manaqeb of Ali† (BeyzÄ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã„ « 71). Conclusion Over the ages of competition between Shiite and Sunnite in Iran, Storytellers of Manaqeb Xani (Manaqebis) had an important role in Shiite’s gradual dominance and Sunnite’s doubling. Sunnite created a type of narrating technique known as Fazayel Xani to fight back Manaqeb Xani (Religious telling of Shiite). Accordingly, the competition between Sunnite and Shiite had been reflected in Fazayel Xani and Manaqeb Xani.

Mulatto: Black People and Son Essay

Race, class and gender have been a topic for most books that have been written. A lot of books talk about these topics because it is something most people face. Whether you’re at work and can’t get a promotion because of your gender, excluded from a place because of your class or hated because of your race. Know matter what you will be faced with one if these topics in your life time. Dorothy Allison’s Bastard out of Carolina deals with these issues in a very intriguing way. She uses them to keep the story flowing and keep the reader interested. In the novel BOC, Allison uses race, class and gender in a very stereotypical way. The story of Bone takes place in a time where race was a conservational topic. You can say America was split in two groups, the whites and blacks. If you were black life was not easy. Black people were discriminated against. Even though slavery was over the black nation was not accepted by the white people. Racism means Discrimination or prejudice based on race (2). This word was not really used in this book because the narrative was Bone, a white girl. When Bone would visit Aunt Alma’s apartment she would come to face black children. There and then is when the stereotypes of black people started. The grown up’s in Bone had nothing good to say about the niggers that lived by Aunt Alma. â€Å"Running off with a man’s children, living in the dirty place with niggers all around. My little girls having to go up those stairs past those nigger boys. My wife walking the street past those peckerwoods! † (Allison 89). The family really did not approve of Aunt Alma living around black people. They were thought to be dirty and uncivilized people. Black people were also thought to be stupid and worthless. Bone was young at the time and did not know what to think about them. But she did not feel the same as her elders. Instead she made friends with them and learned to like them. I think Allison is trying to show the innocence of a child. Most kids are caring and loving until they are taught to hate. Bone grew up in a poor family. They would be considered in today’s society as trailer trash. The stereotype of poor white folks was present in Bastard out of Carolina. Anne and Glen did not really have money so it was hard to support the kids. They basically lived with very little. They couldn’t settle down at one house so they moved from one run down house to another. A lot of the characters described in this book had a lot of resemblance to what we would consider a red neck. For instance Uncle Travis has a big Chevy. Bone says it was jacked up so high that it easily cradled little kids or pregnant woman (Allison 1). Almost all the boys in the family had trucks. That’s typical for a red neck. Bone describes the Boatwright men as rugged, kind of dirty strong boys. They loved to fight and drink beer. The Boatwright family was big which again stereotyped poor white families. Also poor people are known to have kids out of wedlock. That was the situation Bone was. She was born out of wedlock and she never knew who her father was. That is the significance of the title Bastard out of Carolina. Gender also played a big role in this novel by Dorothy Allison. The male and female gender played a very distinctive role. In the Boatwright family the men are thought to be the physically strong. They take care of the family. They get into fights and are feared by a lot of people in town. Women of that time were supposed to stay at home cook and clean. They were supposed to wait for their husbands and never talk back. But I think Allison reversed the stereotype about women by making the Boatwright women very different. Most of them had jobs and were supporting them self’s. Aunt Raylene and Aunt Alma were some of the girls that lived by themselves. The women were strong too and they stuck together. Another way gender played a role was the relationship between Anne and Glen. From all the Boatwright women Anne was the weakest one. In the relationship Glen basically controlled Anne. Every time he did something bad she would end up forgiving him. Even after she found out he has been beating Bone she forgave him. Glen had all the power and Anne couldn’t do anything because she loved him. Bastard out of Carolina faces issues about race, class and gender. Allison builds a world where all these issues are faced. Through the main character Bone, we see how race, class and gender affect her and her family. Race played a role when Bone meets black people for the first time and instead of judging them she became friend with them. The Boatwright’s social status is not the best but they are feared by the community. They are considered poor and red necks. The last big issue that is seen in BOC is gender. Allison changed things up by making the women in the family stronger and more independent than other women of that time. In the end I think Allison decided to stereotype race, class and gender to show us it makes things worse then they already are. Work Cited 2 entries found for racism. 2003. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. 19 Feb. 2006 http://owl. english. purdue. edu/handouts/research/r_mla. html Allison Dorothy. Bastard out of Carolina. New York. Penguin Group. 1993.

Substance Abuse In America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2022 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Substance Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Substance abuse has always had a constant presence in American culture but was never seen in the limelight. The society has always talked down on its victims and tried to shield the youth away. According to research, throughout the past four generations, every generation had addiction problems and this shielding process hasnt helped. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Substance Abuse In America" essay for you Create order The youth and parents should be informed about the risks of substance abuse and schools should be taking on a larger role, instead of shying away from the problem. Since using substances at a young age can increase your risks of being addicted later on in life and change your brain structure, which can lead to triggering mental disorders, disabilities, and health problems. Not to mention the glorification of substances in the media has led to the youth normalizing them. Substances throughout the years have been incorporated more and more into our culture. In the past four generations, Millennials have been close to first in use of every substance and normalizing has done nothing but worsen the problem. Understanding substance abuse and its causes are one of the main problems of this issue. Most people if not involved tend to tune out information and think of addicts as outsiders. When people think about substance abuse or drug addiction, in general, most people try to stereotype but in recent times, substances have been normality for the population and especially the youth. People that look sober could be abusing substance in their life. Their substance of choice could range from illegal drugs to substances like alcohol and tobacco. Their choice completely depends on the user. Some people abuse substances for their enjoyment, some abuse for what they have gone through in life, and some do it for both reasons. These reasons can go as in-depth as the consumers gender. For example, Marijuana is used more by males and this goes for most other addictive drugs. Similar to other addictive drugs, fewer females than males use marijuana.(Substance use in Women 2018) Another example of this c an be seen in women. They are more likely to use prescription pills than men. A couple of reasons for this can be that women go through more pain than men. -women may be more likely to take prescription opioids without a prescription to cope with pain,-(Substance use in Women 2018) Women also have more access to prescription drugs -because women are also more at risk than men for anxiety and insomnia, it is possible that women are being prescribed more of these types of medications;(Substance use in Women 2018) Just like weve mentioned earlier their experiences could lead to them to abusing substances. An example of this can be seen in a specific study done on teenagers stating that -male high school students who smoke marijuana reported poor family relationships and problems at school-(Substance use in Women 2018). Going through trauma during their childhood can also lead to them abusing substances. The risks of substance abuse increase drastically for adolescents before their mid-20s   because of the probable influences of that substance having on their developing brain. Recent research has indicated that adolescent substance users show abnormalities on measures of brain functioning, which is linked to changes in neurocognition over time.(Squeglia 2009) They have also stated that Substance abuse during this time can have impacts on hippocampal volume, prefrontal cortex volume, white matter volume, and its quality, and brain blood flow. (Squeglia 2009) Adolescents abusing substances can also have different changes in brain function and structure. For example, -heavy drinking during adolescence can lead to a decreased performance on cognitive tasks of memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive functioning.(Squeglia 2009) Not only affecting performance but also embedding that substance into the brain. Studies have also shown changes similar to heavy drinking with the use o f Marijuana which is one of the top substances being used by the youth. All of these changes can differ from user to user according to their genetics, environment, amount of use, etc. One thing certain is that substance using adolescents differ from non-substance users. In areas such as neuropsychological performance, brain tissue volume, white matter integrity, and functional brain response.(Squeglia 2009) Substance abuse on top of changing the users brain structure can expose the user to other mental disabilities and health problems. For example, tobacco smoke can cause many cancers, methamphetamine can cause severe dental problems, and that opioids can lead to overdose and death.(Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction 2018) Substance use and mental disabilities can in some cases coincide. In some cases, mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, or schizophrenia may come before addiction; in other cases, drug use may trigger or worsen those mental conditions,-(Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction 2018) Some users end up taking these substances to reduce the symptoms of their illnesses which worsen their mental disorder in the long run. The National Bureau of Economic Research states that -mental health disorder patients are responsible for the consumption of: 38 percent of alcohol 44 percent of cocaine 40 percent of cigarettes.(The Connection Betwee n Mental Illness and Substance Abuse 2018) There is an obvious relation between substance abuse and mental health disorders and any combination of the two can develop with their own causes and symptoms. The most common issue is because people try to self medicate. For example, people self-medicate for reasons such as depression The depressed patient who uses marijuana to numb the pain.(The Connection Between Mental Illness and Substance Abuse 2018) or for having low energy The patient with low energy and lack of motivation who takes Adderall, cocaine or crystal meth to increase their drive to get things done.(The Connection Between Mental Illness and Substance Abuse 2018) Although these can be seen as temporary fixes, using substances only leads to more problems. Adolescents being influenced into drug abuse can also be seen in many examples. In an excerpt from Improving Cultural Competence. The author talks about a college student living in San Diego who is being sent to treatment. The student named Lisa talks about her use of substances starting at the age of 15 with Marijuana. The use of this substance started, she states In her first year of high school,-(Improving Cultural Competence 2014) because -she had difficulty fitting in.(Improving Cultural Competence 2014) This goes along with substance use being correlated to something happening in their life. In this example, Lisa uses Marijuana because she is having trouble fitting in with others. As the excerpt continues we figure out that Lisa moves onto ecstasy when introduced to it by her new found friends. This shows the influence of others and the influence of the surrounding culture. Lisa during her treatment states, -that she has long felt neglected by her parents, who are too intereste d in material things. She sees her drug use and that of her friends as a rebellion-(Improving Cultural Competence 2014) This is another example of a problem in her life that causes her to turn to substances. Lisas family neglecting her and favoring materialistic things turns her to cope with that problem by using substances. Lisa also does not believe that she has a problem which is an issue most users face. Surveys which were done through 2005 to 2008 by a national survey show that about 95 percent of people needing treatment thought that they did not need it. During this generation, the media has also played a big role in not only influencing but also glorifying and normalizing substances to the youth. These influences have come from music to social media to advertisements and branches out to many more outlets. For example, rap music since the 1980s had rappers mention substances in their music. A study done by the University of California, Berkley points out that these mentions had risen over time from 1979 to 1997. About 19 percent of songs in the late 1980s made references to substance abuse while during the 1990s, the percentage was up to 69 percent. These mentions only influenced adolescents, creating motivational factors to be like the rappers. Alcohol also was another substance being used heavily in music which also had influence. The music does not cause teens to drink, but it can influence them to do so, said Beeson.(Gonzales 2017) who is a licensed professional counsel for Northwestern University. These mentions dont only influe nce but create a culture around their music. Nowadays, the mentions of substance abuse in a rap have declined but another genre has risen. Research done by Addictions.com states that country ranked first with an average of 1.6 drug mentions per song. Rap came in last with less than 1 mention on average,-(Scaccia 2017) Music although playing one of the key roles isnt the only part of media influencing adolescents. Advertisements of alcohol and tobacco also play a big role in influencing the youth. More than $25 billion per year is spent on advertising for tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs, and such advertising has been shown to be effective.(Pediatrics 2010) Having advertisements on products like tobacco and alcohol normalize activities like drinking and smoking. Research reveals that advertising may be responsible for up to 30% of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use.(Pediatrics 2010) Tobacco being one of the top dogs spends an estimated $15 billion per year on advertising. The industry since the 60s had their own agenda to attract underage smokers and since then it has worked. For example, Given the demographics of smokers, half of them had started smoking by the age of 13 and the rest by the age of 19.(Pediatrics 2010) According to 2009 Monitoring the Future study, nearly half of all teenagers have tried smoking, as have 20% of all 8th-graders.(Pediatrics 2010) These advertisements rat ionalize smoking by showing its users as young, healthy, and adventurous. Since the ban on cigarette commercials on Television, teen magazines have the most of the advertisers. Nowadays, tobacco can also be seen in vape form and is being advertised on social media. Alcohol also being another behemoth in advertising spends roughly around $6 billion annually. Its advertisements similar to tobacco, shows young people have the time of their lives. Unlike the tobacco industry, alcohol can run commercials on Television and much of the advertising is done while teenager specific shows and sports are on air. Currently, teenagers are 400 times more likely to see an alcohol ad than to see a public service announcement (PSA)-(Pediatrics 2010) Now knowing substance abuse, its dangers, and its glorification in the media, we can look at why our attempts at solving this issue have failed. Most media-based efforts are campaigns which never base their message on established theories but only the obvious answers. Most campaigns are often manipulative and use fear-based appeals, which make unrealistic threats while successful media campaigns do the opposite. They always base their campaigns off of established theories of persuasion, and not common sense. They are usually using subtle messages, often appealing to parents and trying to involve larger efforts made by communities and schools. For example, The Parents campaign was one of the most successful campaigns that adolescent drug abuse had seen. This campaign was a smaller scale national campaign which informed the parents and made them monitor children more closely. Campaigns which are more about the users tend to work better than ones which arent. Campaigns instead of tellin g users to Just say no they need to be more personal with the issue. Adolescent substance abuse needs to have efforts made by not only the campaigns but large communities for them. A change in culture needs to happen, and everyone needs to be informed and mainly accept this problem. Substance abuse has always been a part of American culture throughout history. Every generation with its own set of problems. One thing they all have in common is the lack of knowledge. The youth and parents need to be informed about substance abuse in general, and schools need to take a bigger role. Since using substances at a young age can increase the users risks of becoming addicted, and triggering mental disorders, disabilities, and health problems, adolescents need to be prevented from using substances. The glorification in the media needs to be toned down and come with information.