James Ewell Brown Stuart And The Civil War Essay - 1583 Words

It was a dark and wet June evening in 1863 when Major General James Ewell Brown Stuart (J.E.B. Stuart) received the order. Maintain contact with the enemy, harass and impeded the northerners if they attempt to cross the Potomac River, and guard the Blue Ridge’s mountain passes. If the enemy attempts to cross the river, cross first and stay on the Confederate’s right flank. The orders were clear enough for execution. General Robert E. Lee often issued orders that gave his trusted subordinates the leeway to conduct operations as they saw fit. Only this time, not even the strategically talented General Lee could predict the necessity of having Stuart’s Cavalry support the Army of Northern Virginia’s advance from the front and flank while maneuvering into Gettysburg. J.E.B. Stuarts rise to a top Cavalry commander happened remarkably fast. He was appointed into West Point in 1850, and progressed quickly through the cadet ranks. He graduated in the middle of his class, a mere thirteenth of forty-six classmates. His first interactions with General Lee were as a student to a mentor. Lee’s role as the Superintendent of West Point from 1852 to 1854 allowed him to educate and mold the nation’s next generation of military commanders. Eventually, Stuart commissioned into the Texas Mounted Riflemen on the first of July 1854. In 1860 he had the opportunity to reunite with his mentor General Lee, during the John Brown raid, further strengthening their relationship. Like all men of theShow MoreRelatedRobert E. Lee s Life2475 Words   |  10 Pages Robert E. Lee was a general for the Confederates during the American Civil War, who led the Army of Northern Virginia from June 1862, till the end of the war. Robert is a descended from the first fam ilies to set foot on Virginia soil. Robert E. Lee was a successful general even before the American Civil War. One of the best at the time in United States Army. Robert E. Lee was born in Virginia in Westmoreland County. He was the youngest in his family. His father was Henry Lee III and Ann Hill CarterRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesre-regulation. It is worthwhile also asking about the influence these corporations can have themselves on geo-economic shifts: some Western company headquarters are shifting away from their home-countries, for example, the global headquarters of American civil 37  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, Exploring Strategy, 9th Edition, Instructor’s Manual engineering conglomerate Halliburton moved to Dubai and Swiss/Swedish engineering company ABB moved its global robotics

Breast Implants in Teenagers Essays - 568 Words

The trend for a number of young girls is to get breast augmentation. They think that by changing their bodies, they’re going to change their lives. They think they will be happy, and they will be completely satisfied with their implants. Their expectation is that their self-confidence will skyrocket, and they will be attractive girls. Many young girls get implants to make themselves stand out more and to have a great appearance, but there are many reasons that they should comprehend the long-term effect of surgery. First of all, teenagers expect that plastic surgery will improve their self-confidence, but does it? Teenagers think that their new appearance will be great, but they may get different looks from their friends. For†¦show more content†¦Teenagers should know the risks and side effects of their surgery. For example, the possibility of rupture, FDA has found that a woman with an implant for at least 10 years one of them has ruptured. And because of breast impl ants mammograms are more difficult to detect breast cancer. Moreover, they may have many complications such as breast pain, breast hardness, and numbness in the nipple. These symptoms can vary and may be last for years and may never go away. In addition, they may need extra medical treatment or surgeries to cure any problems caused by the implants. The last reason, the high cost of breast implants and implant problems is it costs a lot of money. Some parents or girls have to borrow money for breast implants. The average cost of breast implants is about 4,000-6,000 dollars. Moreover, they might have to pay more money for any unexpected problems which can happen any time. For example, they have had implants break in a car accident or a bad fall. It often costs more to get implants removed than to have them put in. In addition, most insurance companies will not pay for even medical problems that result from breast augmentation. And there are health insurance companies which drop the coverage because of implants, or stop covering breast conditions that are believed to be related to implants. An increase number of teenagers are turning to breast augmentation. Parents should warn their daughter of the long-term effects of surgeryShow MoreRelatedTeen Cosmetic Surgery is Ugly1059 Words   |  5 Pagesand breast implants. According to Diana Zuckerman, a Ph. D, and Anisha Abrahm, a M.D. and M.P.H., â€Å"The two most popular and controversial cosmetic procedures for adolescents are liposuction and breast implants (â€Å"Teenagers and Cosmetic Surgery: Focus on Breast Augmentation and Liposuction† 1). In 2003, more than 223,000 cosmetic procedures were preformed on patients younger than 18 years of age. Of those, 39,000 of them were surgical procedures such as nose jobs, breast lifts and implants, liposuctionRead MorePlastic Surgery Should Be Banned For Teenagers 18943 Words   |  4 Pageswas not long before teenagers 18 years of age and younger noticed the potential benefits of receiving these surgeries, such as fixing misconstrued facial features, or even taking away some unwanted fat. In 2012 there were 130,502 cosmetic procedures performed on teenagers below the age of 19 (Singh). There has been an increase of interest in teenagers for cosmetic surgery and the most common procedures done for them are otoplasty, rhinoplasty, breast reduction, correction of breast asymmetry and gynecomastiaRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Is It A Good Idea? Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pageschanging and correcting their appearance to look more attractive like models in magazines and media. Now teenagers are catching up with this trend and the number of teen plastic surgeries has increased and has become popular. Some popular procedures that teens undergo before turning adults is liposuction, rhinoplasty and breast implants. However it is a big step and there are many reasons, teenagers should wait to have the elective surgery done. Because their bodies and way of thinking and reasoningRead More Breast Implants, Breast Augmentation, and American Culture Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Implants, Breast Augmentation, and American Culture Breast augmentation is rapidly becoming a common procedure among women in the United States. Shows detailing the surgery on TV station such as MTV and VH1 show mothers and their daughters getting implants together and teenage girls thrilled with their new 34-D chests. What most of these shows dont mention are the possible risks and painful recovery that come with the procedure. That breast implants are becoming more and more an acceptedRead MoreShould Teenagers Do Plastic Surgery?1128 Words   |  5 PagesXiaoyan Gu Professor Perin English 294 11/17/2015 Should Teenagers Do Plastic Surgery? Have you noticed that some parents who are extremely young beauty pageant contestants contest that competitive can provide confidence for their children? Or students who are trying to show their individuality by negotiating abandoning uniform policy? Or, that some companies are more willing to hire a person when they are attractive? Nowadays, people are more focused on external beauty than inner beauty. SometimesRead MoreCosmetic Surgery for Teens857 Words   |  4 PagesReview of the Literature Of the 223,000 cosmetic surgeries in 2003 on patients who were 18 years old or younger, 39,000 of them were breast augmentation, nose reshaping, and liposuction. Many parents are giving their teenage daughters breast implants for gifts. However, parents and teens do not take into consideration that teens bodies are still developing (Zuckerman, 2005). As the adolescents body grows, body parts that seem to large or too small can become proportionate (Izenberg, 2004).Read MoreEssay on Plastic Surgery for Teenagers953 Words   |  4 PagesCosmetic surgery should be prohibited for teenagers and people having psychological problems. Plastic surgery can be bad for teenagers because teenagers cant think about long term risk. For example, breast implants have risk including infection, chronic pain, numbness and future problems with breastfeeding. Some surgeons have a discussion with patients or give psychological test to be sure teen patients have a maturity level to make the decision for implants. Teens are often reckless people and theRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Most Common Trend And The Causes1496 Words   |  6 Pageshas a surprisingly history many people are not aware of. For example, the first breast implants actually included beeswax, vegetable oil and paraffin. Dr. Varaztad Kazanjian known as â€Å"Founding Father† of the modern plastic surgery during the World War 1. The first training program occurred in 1925 at a public hospital done by Dr. John Davis. In 1965 Surgeon Thomas Cronin came up with the first silicone breast implants. In Italy they experimented with skin grafts to be able to see how nose reconstructiveRead MoreShould Teens Have Access Of Birth Control Without Parents?1712 Words   |  7 PagesShould teens have access to birth control without parents? Today, sexually active teenagers can get contraceptives to protect themselves from unplanned pregnancies or sexual diseases without a parent’s permission. In some states federal lawmakers have taken away the ability for teens to protect themselves, they want to prevent sexually active teenagers from getting birth control and condoms unless they get parents permission. Preventing teens from getting contraceptives unless they tell a parentRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery1573 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty is the trend in many societies, and it is highly valued by many teenagers. As a result, teenagers from all around the world who are insecure concerning their appearances are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to blend in, to avoid peer harassments, and to stop further inner torments. Keep in mind that plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are different even though both surgeries are used to fix someone’s physical body. Plastic surgery are used to mend looks that ar e ruined due to terrible

Symbolism in the Tell Tale Heart free essay sample

The Tell-Heart by Edgar Allan Poe is a piece of American literature that is world renowned. This short story is about a man, the narrator, which slowly becomes physiologically insane while tending and taking care of an older man. The narrator begins to become mad and eventually plots and murders the old man in his bedroom. From beginning to end of this murderous short story there are implications and symbolic meanings of objects. Symbolism can be found in this story within the ticking clock, the â€Å"evil eye†, and the dreadful heartbeat, that gets louder and louder. Reading and analyzing this short story, you will surely find and realize the symbolism and meaning behind Poe’s writing. The first, but not only, sign of symbolism in Poe’s short story is the ticking clock. The clock is not only a visually symbolic element, it is also a metaphorical representation. The narrator mentions several times of the ticking clock he hears while waiting and watching the old man. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in the Tell Tale Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The ticking time clock is very symbolic in this story. The watch symbolizes not only the time and life the old man has left to live, but it also represents the countdown and leading up of the narrator’s murderous actions and crime. Overall the ticking of the watch is symbolic of time and the wait the narrator, as well as the old man, must endure before the inevitable end. One of the most descriptive and evident pieces of symbolism in Poe’s short story in the eye of the old man. The â€Å"evil eye† is the center and source of the narrator’s madness and peril. The narrator says the eye makes his blood â€Å"run cold† and he also refers to the eye as a â€Å"damned spot† and â€Å"vulture eye†. The eye is undoubtedly the motive behind the mad narrators murder and crimes. This eye is not merely a disgusting feature of the old man, or just a gross defect. The eye is a symbol and representation of evil within the story and narrator. It brings out the hatred and evil in the narrator and causes him to go insane. The â€Å"evil eye† is the central cause and plot the whole short story. This is without a question symbolism in the story and Poe uses this to convey his overall theme (Tucker). The last symbolism in Poe’s short story is the dreadful heartbeat. After the narrator murders the old man, he cuts the limbs and appendages up and stores them under the floorboards. When the police officers come to investigate the next morning, the narrator begins to hear the old man’s heartbeat under the floorboard, it begins as a faint noise, but ends as a loud roar that the narrator can no longer stand. The heartbeat that the narrator hears getting louder and louder, is only in his own mind, and is a symbol of his guilty conscience in the story. The heart beat the narrator hears correlates with the burden of murder he has on his mind. This is clearly a symbol of the narrator guilt he has from just the night before, that he can no longer take. The symbol of the guilt, the heartbeat, makes the narrator even crazier and more insane, causing him to tear up the floorboards and confess to his treacherous crime. In all, in the story The Tell-Tale Heart, there is without a doubt symbolism. Anyone knowledgeable reader can interpret at least some symbolisms in this short story. In this story symbolisms and representations are overflowing and abundant. Poe uses, cleverly, all the symbolisms to tell his story, as well as, to tell his underlying theme. The use of the ticking time clock, the â€Å"evil eye† of the old man, and the dreadful sound of the heartbeat make The Tell-Tale Heart a classic of Poe and American Literature as a whole, and the use of symbolism is inevitable.

Peloponnesian war

Introduction The Peloponnesian war is still widely studied in the history of Western Civilization. It was the second war that lasted between 431BC and 404BC. Athens and her empires (Spartans) engaged each other fiercely in the war.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Peloponnesian war specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main catalyst of the war was intense conflict that had dominated Athens and Sparta. The very conflict was also evident during the earlier wars in Persia (McKay et al. 205). The genesis and progress of the war was heavily documented by Thucydides. He attributed the rising Athens imperialism power as the major cause of the war. One of the devastating impacts of the war was witnessed in Athens. The latter dismantled its empire, a move that divided the entire Greek state. The division left Greece powerless to prevent Persian Empire from reclaiming their Asian possessions (Encyclopedia Britannica (a) par. 8). Nonetheless, the works of an Athenian historian named Thucydides provides a lot of information on Peloponnesian war. Modern scholars have tried to make several interpretations to the war by critical reading of Thucydides account (Bagnall 122). Major causes of the war According to McKay et al. (555), any major war may be triggered by either known or unknown forces. In order to explore the rationale of this war, clhistorians have borrowed much from Thucydides’ writings. Thucydides, an Athenian General, wrote an account of the Peloponnesian War. However, some historians doubt if he ever took part in the war since some of his documented works are surprisingly vivid and coherent to qualify for a third-person narration (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica (b) par.18). According to Bagnall (122), the major cause of the war as accounted by Thucydides was the indiscriminate expansion of Athenian power. The increased power, presence and authority of Athenian were by far and large, linked to economic dynamism and Periclean Imperialism. Moreover, the increase in Athenian power instilled fear on Sparta. The latter retaliated by developing a grudge that would eventually lead to war (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica (a) par. 6). Besides, the Spartans had always enjoyed great power and since Athenians had overshadowed their presence in Peloponnesus, retaliation was the best way to go in order to resume the powerful position. According to McKay et al (566), the above explanation could be equated to Greek Culture at that time which viewed life as a perpetual struggle among human beings to gain advantage. According to Thucydides, Sparta army had no reason to fear Athenian rise to power since their army was larger and well equipped. At the beginning of the war, the Spartan army was estimated at 2000 cavalry and 30,000 hoplites as compared to Athens who had only 1200 cavalry and 13,000 hoplites (Bagnall 182).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see i f we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Athenian navy was stronger than Spartan although the interest of Spartans in the sea was limited. Their only passion was in Peloponnesus. As such, they had no reason to fear. According to Bagnall (192), the fear could be linked to Corinth, the Spartan leader who feared Athenian imperialism in contrast to fearing the size of the army. Imperialism had set a ground for Athens to compete on an equal basis with Sparta for Aegean and western colonies. Investigation over the reliability of Thucydides account of the war has always interested some scholars who view him as a partisan of Athens and that his account could mislead the audience altogether. According to Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica( a, par.12), if indeed Thucydides was a partisan, his works could have hidden the fact that Athens was the aggressor. In addition, other scholars have viewed the reason to be too simplistic to cause such an overwhelming war. Wars have always been associated with differing political and ideological beliefs between two opposing sides, but Thucydides account lack any explanation on the above factors (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 6). Bagnall (202) suggests that Thucydides may have been embroiled in a conflict that would have arisen between the supporters of democracy and oligarchy. In addition, the Dorian’s and Ionians cultural and racial differences were different and could be a basis of conflict. He refutes Thucydides as a reliable source of the event leading to the Peloponnesian war for it ignores the main ingredients that fuel any war (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 12). Thucydides used the events of the 50-year period before the war to arrive at his ideology of what would have sparked the war (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 19). Bagnall (221) refutes Thucydides explanation since the historical events before the war were not enough to justify the war. He perceives Thucydides account as a n escape strategy since he could not personally understand why the war broke out. Thucydides account shows that Pericles had prepared for the war by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Athenian army long before the Peloponnesian league (McKay et al. 596). As a strategy to gain advantage over Athenians, Pericles had built a wall between Piraeus and Athens. In addition, he increased his reserve find with over 6,000 talents. According to (McKay et al. 616) the strategy was amount to cause conflict with other states. He adds that Thucydides could have accounted Pericles imperial ambition as another reason the colonies went to war.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Peloponnesian war specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McKay et al. (602) concludes that Peloponnesian war can be attributed to several factors rather than the mere fear created by Athenian imperialism. The conflicts that existed between Athenians and the Peloponnesian league are myriad. Hence, it is not possible to pin point a particular incident as the major cause of the war. He advocates that the causes of this war should be viewed as a complex string of related factors such as conflict between democracy and oligarchy. Development stages of Peloponnesian war Historians classify the war into three parts namely the Archidamian war (431-421 BC), the peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition (420-413 BC) and the Ionian war (412-404 BC). Archidamian (431-421 BC) The Archidamian period war that spanned for ten years was named after a Spartan king, Archidamus. The honor was for his contribution to the cautious policy that the Spartans employed during the start of the war. It was also due to the fact that he had directly opposed going to war with Athens (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica (b) par. 16). The Archidamian stage saw each of the two opposing sides come up with strategies aimed at achieving victory in the war that each side h oped would be short (Bagnall 112). The Spartans adapted a traditional strategy that involved gathering a large and powerful hoplite army at Corinth’s isthmus. The hoplites would have guaranteed Spartans victory if Athens attacked while a reserve Peloponnesian army would guarantee attack Athens in Attica if they decided to hide behind the walls of Attica (Bagnall 121). Spartans chose the above strategy as it has brought them victory in all the previous battles against their enemies. However, the Athens proved to be experienced in war a thing which made the war to prolong than each of the sides had anticipated. Athens had a big empire and held a supreme position at sea a situation that put them at an advantage, and thus could not be forced to surrender. The position also made them not to fall onto Spartans trick to fight back when their territories were invaded. The sea ensured they had a constant supply of grains and other commodities even if Attica was ravaged (Bagnall 122). Pericles, on the other hand, exploited Athens strategic position and planned to gather his army inside Athens and deserted Attica to the enemy (Encyclopedia Britannica (a) par.17). His strategy was to lure the Peloponnesian army before the walls of Athens, and then attack their coastline at ease. Athens was at an advantage since the Peloponnesians could not carry on for long as they had to return home to harvest so they can refill their supplies (Bagnall 144). During the first year, the strategies of the two sides seemed to be working since they proceed according to plan. Archidamus army invaded Attica but Athens remained adamant to attack (Bagnall 144). Spartan had invaded Attica in the hope that Athens hoplites would offer resistance of which they would attack fiercely and the plan was to end the war as soon as possible. Since no amount of provocation would make the Athenians hoplites to fight back, Peloponnesian had to retire and disperse after several weeks.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When they finally withdrawn, Athenians took the opportunity to equip a fleet of 100 ships and they raided Peloponnese. In addition, Pericles got his army out of Attica, and they raided Megarid as a revenge of Attica invasion (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica (b) par.46). According to (Bagnall 145) their strategies of relying on attrition to win the war was what made it difficult to predict and measure how long the war would last, and if it would end in the first place. The following summer saw the Spartans adapt a direct attack strategy. Led by their King Archidamus they invaded Attica and destroyed most of it (McKay et al. 662). The Athenians reacted to the attacks by attacking the Spartan navy, but their strategy was proving to be too expensive. In addition, the Athenians got a blow when their leader Pericles died from a plague that claimed more a third of Athenian citizens (McKay et al. 615). The Spartans took the weakening advantage of Athenians, and attacked Plataea of which they man aged to subside by 427 BC. The success victory to seize Plataea made the Spartans think they were winning the war, and a wrap up they invaded Attica again. However, their calculation was wrong, and Athenians suppressed the Lesbos revolt in 427 (McKay et al. 665). They also embarked on a more aggressive attack where they invaded western Greece also managed to gain possession if Minoa island and in turn reclaimed a strategic position to the port of Megara. Under the leadership, of general Nicias Athenians succeeded to seize Isle of Melos, countryside of Tanagra and Locris, also tried to attack Westside of Greece to not avail (Bagnall 148). As the war progressed, Athenians were receiving more courage to launch more daring attacks. The regained confidence drove them to invade the island of Sphacteria, and they captured 292 Spartan soldiers. They also adapted another strategy in an attempt to damage Spartan economy, where they built a fortress at Pylos from where they used to receive run away slaves and helots (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 28). The war continued as each side tried to outdo the other and each attack led to disasters after another. It came a time when both sides saw the need for a peace treaty as no one was ready for surrender (Bagnall 149). The peace treaty was called the peace of Nicias. Athens had survived the Archidamian war and this did not settle well with Spartans who always viewed themselves as superpower. Another war was not far from being fought as Spartans would take any available opportunity to show their mighty. The peace of Nicias Like any other conflict, the Peloponnesian war claimed lives, destroyed fortunes and eroded patience of both the Spartans and Athenians (McKay et al. 667). The harsh situation forced them to look for a chance to make peace agreements. The period is named after Nicias, the leader of Athenian as he was in charge of negotiating for truce (Bagnall 146). After negotiations, a thirty years period was agreed on. T he war was not to be ended but a call for a cease fire was initiated. However, this was never the case since violence erupted yet again. The period lasted for seven years only that was full of skirmishes (Encyclopedia Britannica (a) par. 28). During the peace period, Athenian was able to recruit many citizens into the navy and when they eventually found a leader another war was could not be prevented. The Sicilian expedition The new Athenian leader in the name of Alcibiades came up with another strategy to build up on his uncle’s strategy. Initially, Athens exploited the strategy of defense, but with Alcibiades on board Athenians could now figure out how to defeat Spartans (Bagnall 146). The Athenians under the leadership of Alcibiades planned for the Sicilian expedition amidst strong opposition from Nicias because he did not trust his nephew. However, all his strategies to persuade the citizens to refuse the expedition fell on deaf years as Alcibiades who was a good speaker convinced the citizens to support the cause (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 26). As days progressed. there was nothing to stop the expedition and as a tradition Alcibiades and Nicias were elected the commanders of Athenian army, and another commander Lamachus to be the mediator incase of any differences between the two. The Athenian army that was sent to Sicily was very large almost exhausted their treasury (McKay et al. 592). The expedition was doomed to fail from the onset since having been accused of a crime in the eve of the expedition; Alcibiades was arrested along the way. When he was being taken back to Athens for charges, he managed to escape in the sea and later joined the Spartans side where he gave them all the secrets of the expeditions (Bagnall 148). Athenians had made a gross error to withdraw Alcibiades while he was the key architect behind the expedition. There were several setbacks that commenced when they failed to attack Syracuse (Bagnall 132). In the process of assaulting Syracuse, Lamachus was killed leaving Nicias a lone leader. Nicias was not a good leader when it came to conducting invasion as he only excelled in defense. He was slow and missed several great opportunities, which led to many of his mean being killed. Back home the Athenian assembly had heard of the devastating news and they sent him more men for reinforcement (McKay et al. 658). Athenian army was ill equipped, and they could not win the war. Thus, they concentrated to keep their fleet save to take them back to Athens. However, Nicias kept postponing their departure from Syracuse, and the Spartans ambushed their fleet cutting off any transport back home (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 22). The Athenian army adequately short of supplies resorted to cross to Sicily, which were their sympathizers. However, this was not to be as Spartans laid an ambush for them as they were crossing the river. They slaughtered most of them, capture the rest and enslaved them. It is report ed that very few Athenians navy made it home. The Sicily expedition which is recorded in Greek history because of the large number of the army involved, ended in defeat for the Athenians (Bagnall 138). Consequences of the war The war turned out to be a catastrophe for Athens. She lost her empire and also never regained any political influence in the region (Encyclopedia Britannica (a) par. 36). However, she managed to preserve her wealthy status in the region. On the hand, Spartan won the war but was ill equipped to deal with the victory phase. The expertise of her leaders and the governance structure were not appropriate to the big region (Encyclopedia Britannica (b) par. 18). It never built a new empire, and her attempt to lead Greeks failed. The defeat of Athens left Greece disunited, and vulnerable to future attacks. Scholars equate the Athenians defeat as a Greece defeat as only she was capable of creating a united Greece (McKay et al. 694). Works Cited Bagnall, Nigel. The Pelo ponnesian War: Athens, Sparta, and the Struggle for Greece. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006. Print. Encyclopedia Britannica (a). Ancient Greek civilization, 2011. Jun. 23 2011, web. https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Greece. Encyclopedia Britannica (b). Peloponnesian War. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011. Jun. 23. 2011, web. https://www.britannica.com/event/Peloponnesian-War. McKay, P. John et al. A History of Western Society (9th ed.). Urbana-Champaign: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2008, Print. This research paper on Peloponnesian war was written and submitted by user Daphne H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Becoming a Psychologist

Becoming a Psychologist As we all know,no one can better know about oneself other than the person itself. Thus when we take into regard this topic of psychology i know every one will surely think that it is such a silly subject to go to college and study about.But this is comletely a wrong impression put into people's mind. Psycology not only means knowing about the mental state of anyone but it is about realling learning states of mind at each and every occasion. One can surely tacle themselves until they are in control with their emotions and their activities.And for one to go out of themselves involves a lot of hormonal actions. Thereby learning state of mind includes leaning a lot in the medical field. Thus one should never hesistate to consult a counsellor or psycologist whenever needed thinking that they themselves can deal things always. And we should always respect their level of studies to become a good psychologist.English: Educational Psychologist

Orca (Killer Whale - Orcinus orca) Facts

Orca (Killer Whale - Orcinus orca) Facts The killer whale, also known as the orca, is one of the most well-known types of whales. Killer whales are commonly the star attractions at large aquariums and due to these aquariums and movies, may also be known as Shamu or Free Willy. Despite their somewhat derogatory name and large, sharp teeth, fatal interactions between killer whales and humans in the wild have never been reported. (Read more about fatal interactions with captive orcas). Description With their spindle-like shape and beautiful, crisp black and white markings, killer whales are striking and unmistakable. The maximum length of killer whales is 32 feet in males and 27 feet in females. They can weigh up to 11 tons (22,000 pounds). All killer whales have dorsal fins, but the males is larger than females, sometimes reaching 6 feet tall. Like many other Odontocetes, killer whales live in organized family groups, called pods, which range in size from 10-50 whales. Individuals are identified and studied using their natural markings, which include a grayish-white saddle behind the whales dorsal fin. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: CetaceaSuborder: OdontocetiFamily: DelphinidaeGenus: OrcinusSpecies: orca While killer whales were long considered to be one species, there now appear to be many species, or at least subspecies, of killer whales. These species/subspecies differ genetically and also in appearance. Habitat and Distribution According to the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, killer whales are second only to humans as the most widely distributed mammal in the world. Even though they range across temperate areas of the oceans, killer whale populations are more concentrated around Iceland and northern Norway, along the northwestern coast of the U.S. and Canada, in the Antarctic and Canadian Arctic. Feeding Killer whales eat a wide array of prey, including fish, sharks, cephalopods, sea turtles, seabirds (e.g., penguins) and even other marine mammals (e.g., whales, pinnipeds). They have 46-50 cone-shaped teeth that they use to grasp their prey. Killer Whale Residents and Transients The well-studied population of killer whales off the western coast of North America has revealed that there are two separate, isolated populations of killer whales known as residents and transients. Residents prey on fish and move according to the migrations of salmon, and transients prey primarily on marine mammals such as pinnipeds, porpoises, and dolphins, and may even feed on seabirds. Resident and transient killer whale populations are so different that they dont socialize with each other and their DNA is different. Other populations of killer whales are not as well studied, but scientists think that this food specialization might occur in other areas as well. Scientists are now learning more about a third type of killer whale, called offshores, which live in the area from British Columbia, Canada to California, dont interact with resident or transient populations, and are not usually seen inshore. Their food preferences are still being studied. Reproduction Killer whales are sexually mature when they are 10-18 years old. Mating seems to take place throughout the year. The gestation period is 15-18 months, after which a calf about 6-7 feet long is born. Calves weigh about 400 pounds at birth and will nurse for 1-2 years. Females have calves every 2-5 years. In the wild, it is estimated that 43% of calves die within the first 6 months (Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, p.672). Females reproduce until they are about 40 years old. Killer whales are estimated to live between 50-90 years, with females generally living longer than males. Conservation Since 1964, when the first killer whale was captured for display in an aquarium in Vancouver, they have been a popular show animal, a practice that is becoming more controversial. Until the 1970s, killer whales were captured off the western coast of North America, until populations there began to decrease. Subsequently, since the late 1970s, killer whales captured in the wild for aquariums have mostly been taken from Iceland. Today, breeding programs exist in many aquariums and that has lessened the need for wild captures. Killer whales have also been hunted for human consumption or because of their predation on commercially-valuable fish species. They are also threatened by pollution, with the population off British Columbia and Washington state having extremely high levels of PCBs. Sources: American Cetacean Society. 2004. Orca (Killer Whale). (Online). American Cetacean Society Fact Sheet. Accessed February 27, 2010.Kinze, Carl Christian. 2001. Marine Mammals of the North Atlantic. Princeton University Press.Mead, James G. and Joy P. Gould. 2002. Whales and Dolphins In Question. Smithsonian Institution.Perrin, William F., Bernd Wursig and J.G.M. Thewissen. 2002. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.

The Effects of Alcoholism on the Family Research Paper

The Effects of Alcoholism on the Family - Research Paper Example Attempts to maintain the family mythology causes the spouse to protect the alcoholic’s habits and to enable and excuse his alcoholism. It also affects the children with some of the children taking on the roles of the hero, the scapegoat, the mascot, and the quiet one as a means of coping with the parent’s alcoholism. It affects adult children, making them less able to function normally in society as they go through failed relationships and careers. The management of alcoholism includes cognitive-behavioral therapy for the alcoholic and for the patient. Family therapy and a drug regimen can also manage the alcoholism and teach the family proper coping techniques. The Effects of Alcoholism on the Family I. INTRODUCTION Alcoholism is one of the most pervasive substance addictions which many people suffer from. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2010), about 52% of adults 18 years of age and above were regular drinkers in the year 2010; and only 13% of these adults were infrequent drinkers. Alcoholism is considered a dangerous addiction because it has been known to lead to alcoholic-related deaths and alcoholic-induced deaths, including homicide and accidents. Although the individual actively engaging in the addiction process suffers a variety of effects (physiological, emotional, etc.), the family of the alcoholic is not without effect or consequence. In fact, three out of ten adults reveal that drinking is a cause of trouble in their family, leading to various physical, emotional, financial, and social issues in the family (Alcohol Drug Abuse Resource Center, 2011). The examination of current research outcomes will culminate in the identification of those effects on the role of the alcoholic, the spouse and the children, and the delicate balance between them. II. BODY – The effects of alcoholism on the family and the roles they play within the family unit: the Alcoholic, the Spouse, and the Children A. Effect s of addiction on the Alcoholic 1. Physiological Alcoholism has various physiological effects on the alcoholic’s body. According to the National Institute for Health (2005), alcoholism can have negative effects on the liver, the endocrine system, the bones, and the brain. According to the Distance Learning for Addiction Studies (n.d), it can cause dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, recurrent diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, acute and chronic pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and it can significantly impact on the liver. It can cause alcohol fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or ascites (DLCAS, n.d). Due to scarring linked with nodules, advanced necrosis can manifest and eventually cause cirrhosis of the liver. It is also known to cause cardiovascular issues, including cardiomyopathy, anemia, and dilated blood vessels where peripheral blood vessels dilate and cause the loss of body heat (DLCAS, n.d). It can also have a negative impact on the blood vessels. Wit h each drink of alcohol, about 10,000 neurons are destroyed or are disconnected from the other brain cells. Neurons do not reproduce and therefore lost neurons are permanently lost. Alcohol is also known to increase the conductive material between brain cells, decreasing their electrical impulses and impacting the frontal lobes and affecting a person’s behavior patterns (DLCAS, n.d). In effect, he is sometimes unable to make long-term plans. It can also affect the person’

Tommy Zeigler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tommy Zeigler - Research Paper Example Based on the events that took place on the evening of Christmas Eve, Tommy Zeigler was convicted for the four murders and put on death row. However, he considers that the chief witness misrepresented him, on the stand, to implicate him and that he was additionally pressurized by law enforcement officers in a bid to conclude the case (Newton, 2008). All sides across the divide concur that Zeigler called the municipal council at 9.20 that night to inform him of the attack. At around 9.18 p.m, he contacted and appealed to converse with Don Ficke notifying him of the robbery had transpired at his store and shot, was seriously wounded, and needed urgent medical help (Stacy, 2012). Detective Donald Frye wasted no time in analyzing the crime scene. There was a mixture of contradictory evidence manifested by pools of blood in varied places in the scene, bloody footprints, several disposed-off guns and a series of injuries at distinct locations for each body (Ames, 2007). It was apparent to the detective that the spray outlines at the scene implied two distinct lettings of blood, with Charlie May's grave gunshot wounds indicating to have been carried out in a period of 15 minutes subsequent to the earlier violent incident. Based on a track of blood directing flowing from the telephone Zeigler had employed to call for help to the chair in which he sat when help arrived, Frye also concluded that Zeigler ought to be considered a prime suspect. Frye considered that Tommy shot himself in the abdomen subsequent to calling Don (Anderson, 2013). Frye established a solitary responsible to explicate the circumstantial evidence and speedily set out to â€Å"prove† his theory (Ames, 2007). As a result, experts assert that it was neither handled accurately nor comprehensively processed (Stacy, 2012). Donald Frye’s Account Frye based his assertion of the night’s events entirely on the combined testimonies of the two men. Frye theorized that Zeigler had pre-meditated to murder Eunice for financial gain (she had $500,000 life insurance policy that he had taken out on his wife a few months before and that her staged murder coincidentally demanded the deaths of Perry and Virginia Edwards. Frye belie ved he murdered Mays and attempted to massacre Thomas and Williams to link them to the robbery (Stacy, 2012). He had also requested Edward Williams to help him deliver some Christmas presents that night. Williams’ testimony read that Zeigler had arranged to meet him at 7.30 p.m at his home. Frye believed that, in the period between 7.00 and 7.24, Zeigler first murdered his wife, then Perry and Virginia Edwards. According to Felton Thomas, when he and Mays arrived to collect the television, Zeigler approached him and proposed that they pursue a drive together (Anderson, 2013). The three went for a ride to an orange grove in which the suspect presented three guns to Thomas and Mays requesting them to try them out. This was considered as a delicately veiled ploy to acquire their fingerprints on the murder weapons. Nevertheless, when the weapons were found, they had been wiped clean. Williams claimed that he saw Zeigler arrive accompanied by two men (Felton Thomas and Charlie May s)

Raphaels Portrait Leo X with Cardinals Guilio de Medici Essay Example for Free

Raphaels Portrait Leo X with Cardinals Guilio de Medici Essay In Nelson Minnichs religious interpretation of Raphaels famous portrait of Pope Leo X, Minnich first begins with the very basics of the portrait; what is contained within its canvas and why it is there. From small clues such as these, he is able to lay the foundation for which theories and conclusions can be based. He first points out the location of the figures in the painting. Minnich believes that they are in a large room, seated before a green cloth on the wall, or cloth of honor. There is some speculation, however, as to exactly where this room is located. Several theorists, as well as he, believe that the location is a room in the Vatican, perhaps the library. He points out that there is reflection of a window in several objects in the portrait, allowing more narrowing down the location even further and debunking the library idea. With the location not quite known, Minnich moves on to the color scheme. He points out that the painting is known for its use of red on the robes of the pope and cardinals, the furniture, and the table coverings. Red was considered a papal color, so this is not unusual in a papal portrait. What is unusual however, is the other two men accompanying the pope in the portrait who were painted in later. Minnich identifies these cardinals as Luigi deRossi, Leos first cousin, and Guilio deMedici, another of Leos cousins. Leo was extremely close with Luigi and this is shown by Luigis hands on Leos chair. Guilio was considered Leos right hand man, and is depicted as so in the portrait by being almost a part of Leos right arm. Minnich also points out that it is ironic that Guilio is depicted as a cardinal because his clerical status wasnt determined at the time. From here we move on to another important item in the portrait, the bell. This specific bell was made for Leo after his election and is a hand bell used for praying. Minnich explains that its presence is most likely to represent Christ in the portrait. Next to the bell is a magnifying glass which Minnich says is merely there to represent the popes nearsightedness. Leo would have needed the glass to read the next item on the table, his bible. The bible is obviously not an unlikely item, being that it is a portrait of a pope, but it is where the bible is opened to that is of importance; St. Johns Gospel. Minnich tells us that Leos first baptismal name was Giovanni, a name that came from this gospel. After inspecting the painting for obvious clues and symbols, Minnich is ready to discuss the possible reasons for the paintings existence. The first being the obvious, that it is merely a papal state portrait. He points out several reasons that this could be a wrong assumption. The painting was kept in Florence and not in Rome, like most papal portraits. It was much smaller than an average state portrait. And the most obvious objection was that there were three people present in the painting, which is highly unusual for a portrait. Minnich then suggests the possibility that Raphael was merely painting a family portrait. But then he quickly points out that no other of Leos relatives was involved. He also points out that the items involved, a bell, the bible, are not usually in state portraits. With the state portrait theory clearly discredited, Minnich tells readers of the theory that the painting is simply an occasional piece, saying that it was painted just to be displayed at the wedding of the Medici and Valois houses in lieu of the pope and his two relatives not being able to make the festivities. Minnich states that the clothing in the portrait clearly leads one to believe that the painting was done months before the wedding. The pope and his relatives would have to have known far in advance that they could not make the occasion and Luigi deRossi was actually recognized as being present the day of the wedding. He says that occasional pieces are not usually so planned out, but does however, mention that a lot would be explained had Raphael begun painting a portrait and then suddenly attempted to switch it into a wedding gift and add the two cardinals. Not fully committed to a purpose, Minnich takes a quick look at the eligious meaning behind the portrait. He mentions that Josephine Jungie has the most persuasive theory on the painting. She believes that the bible represents the stage of the Holy spirit, the bell represents the new age, and that Leo looking to the left represents his looking to the arrival of the new age, and thinking about his own appointment as an Angelican Pastor who will lead the Church in the final age. Minnich points out that this is persuasive because Leo was attempting to take on the roles that an Angelican leader would, yet points out the Jungie failed to find reason for the two cardinals in the portrait. He closes with admitting to readers that no one will ever really know Raphaels true intentions behind this famous painting. All we have is historical facts, symbols, ideas, and of course opinions to make up the reason for Pope Leo Xs portrait with Cardinals Luigi deRossi and Guilio deMedici.

Oregon Trail :: essays research papers fc

CROSSING THE Great Plains The Oregon Trail was an overland emigrant route in the United States from the Missouri River to the Columbia River country, was the way to travel back in the 1840’s through the 1860’s. In 1843 the "Great Emigration" began and the west would never be the same after the out set of the travelers. The pioneers by wagon train did not, however, follow any single narrow route. In open country the different trains might spread out over a large area, only to converge again for river crossings, mountain passes. In time many alternate routes also developed. They originated at various places on the Missouri, although Independence were favorite starting points, the routes taken along with the wagon trails are the key points in which made it possible to travel west. Those starting from Independence followed the same route as the Santa Fe Trail for some 40 miles, then traveled to the Platte and generally followed that river to the North Platte and t hen the South Platte. Crossing the South Platte, the main trail followed the North Platte to Fort Laramie, then to the present Casper, Wyo. and through the mountains by the South Pass to the Colorado River. The travelers then went to Fort Bridger, from which the Mormon Trail continued to the Great Salt Lake, while the Oregon Trail went northwest across a divide to Fort Hall, on the Snake River. The California Trail branched off to the southwest, but the Oregon Trail continued to Fort Boise. From that point the travelers had to make the hard climb over the Blue Mountains. Once those were crossed, paths diverged somewhat; many went to Fort Walla Walla before proceeding down the south bank of the Columbia River, traversing the Columbia's gorge where it passes through the Cascade Mountains to the Willamette Valley, where the early settlement centered. The end of the trail shifted as settlement spread. The mountain men were chiefly responsible for making the route known, and Thomas Fitzp atrick and James Bridger were renowned as guides. The first genuine emigrant train was that led by John Bidwell in 1841, half of which went to California, the rest proceeding from Fort Hall to Oregon. The first train of emigrants to reach Oregon was that led by Elijah White in 1842. In 1843 occurred the "Great Emigration" of more than 900 persons and more than 1,000 head of stock.

American lit

The present paper is designed to compare Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose to Emily† to the writings of the same genre by Poe and Hawthorne in order to identify the similar criteria, attributed to gothic literature. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the depiction of the physical and material dimensions, employed by the authors, as most of them refer to pessimism, inescapable decay and hopelessness. For instance, Faulkner provides the details of Emily’s ageing: â€Å"When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray† (Faulkner, 2001,Part IV), which can be parallelized to the very gradual expiration.Hawthorne, in â€Å"The Birthmark† uses dark imagery, e. g. , â€Å"late one night when the lights were growing dim†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne, 2002) in order to imply the degeneration and â€Å"darkening† of the protagonist’s conscience and morality. Poe, in â€Å"The Black Cat†, employs the images of night and the black color is order to create the impressions of fear, and similarly to the other two writers, moral and mental degeneration. Another important component of Gothic literature, used by the writers, is sinister mystery.Faulkner in the introductory paragraph states that the whole city gathers at the protagonist’s funeral â€Å"through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument† (Faulkner, 2001, Part I), so that the reader is puzzled by the possible reasons for such behavior, Hawthorne introduces his protagonist as a â€Å"peculiar† person, a gifted scientist with a mysterious and ambiguous personality, whereas Poe at the very beginning cues at the intrinsic adversity of the events to be presented, as they â€Å"have terrified – have tortured—have destroyed† (Poe, 1999) the main character.Finally, all authors employ mental disorder as a vital aspect of Gothic literature: Faulkner’s Miss Emily literally keeps skeletons in her bed, Hawthorne’s Aylmer is obsessed with a single idea, the removal of the birthmark from his wife’s cheek, whereas Poe’s protagonist in â€Å"The Black Cat†, addicted to alcohol, experiences extremely grave fits of anger and aggression, extending his negative emotions to the innocent creature. Essay 2.The present paper focuses on the realistic and non-judgmental and non-pissing depiction of the protagonist in â€Å"Neighbour Rosicky†. First of all, it is important to note that the author easily managed to provide a portrait of a righteous and kind-hearted person, who is, however, ordinary and poorly-educated villager. The overall tone of the short story is friendly and down-to-earth, which probably also points to the protagonist’s nature; as his wife, Mary, believes, Anton Rosicky â€Å" was her man, and the kind of man she liked.She was rough, and he was gentle , — city-bred, as she always said. They had been shipmates on a rough voyage and had stood by each other in trying times† (Cartherm 2002, Part II). In addition, the man manages to develop his agricultural business and rich certain affluence, beginning literally with nothing, which points to his resistibility and strong survival skills. Finally, he is very committed to his family and continues teaching and transferring knowledge to his children even after they have grown into adults.It is possible, however, to suspect a high degree of sentimentalism in the depiction of the decay of the main character’s kind heart, but the author emphasizes the meaning of Anton’s attitude towards the hardships he encounters: starving, suffering from poor economic security, he in his young years managed to ascend over the circumstances and maintain his easy-going and supportive nature; thus, when learning the doctor’s verdict about the possible length of his life, he shows optimism and insists that he is not going to give up the regular agricultural activities.The protagonist’s last words probably reflect his enthusiastic and caring nature: â€Å"I like mighty well to see dat little child, Polly† (Carther, 2002, Part VI), which means, the old man’s optimism, desire for living and interest in earthy and family issues lasts as long as his own physical life.To sum up, the author successfully completes the goal of realism, associated with depicting practical, simple-minded people without any extravagancies, but with intrinsic ability to remain socially and psychologically productive. The short story resembles a memory about an old friend rather than an ode; moreover, the author manages to avoid another extremity and eliminates the traces of sentimentalism through stressing the main character’s viewpoint concerning his approaching death.Works cited Carther, W. â€Å"Neighbour Rosicky†. 14 December 2002, Faulkner, W. â€Å" A Rose for Emily†. 11 May 2001, Hawthor ne, N. â€Å"The Birthmark†. 9 September 2002, Poe, E. â€Å"The Black Cat†. 21 July 1999,

First Dental Visit

I will never forget the first time I went to the dentist. People around the world believe that going to the dentist is a torture. ?It will be the worst experience of your life? they said to me. Photos of someone opening your mouth and putting something inside my mouth gave me jumps of anxiety. All that tools around the dental office, the shiny knives, the immaculate white room and the image of the doctor’s perfect teeth, all that made my heart rate increased and I felt like I was on a roller coaster. Because my first time in a dental office was not as everyone- and including myself expected to be.It was a winter day and my mother and I got up at 5:00 a. m. to arrive early at the Dental office. When I arrived to the office a wave of emotions and the unpleasant smell of medicine leaped over me, and there were already people formed and waited for the doctor. The waiting room was white and on each wall there were plastered dramatic photos of a healthy and dirty mouth, of healthy t eeth and teeth with decays, or ? Before/After? photos. While my mother sat in an empty chair, I felt the increment in my blood pressure as I waited to hear from the receptionist each patient’s name.Clusters of magazines were lying on the brown shiny table, each one screaming out images of the human mouth. I looked at every corner of the room. About one hour after I arrived, a man of robust complexion, piercing eyes, a forged smile, and with a white robe entered and greeted us. The first thing I saw was his robe, and as a lightning pierces a cloud, my first thought was ? He is the dentist.? After the doctor entered his office, I turned around to see the faces of each parent with their nervous child who were trying to avoid an eye contact.The door leading to the dental office made a noise that was extremely horrendous to my ears. I could not take my eyes off the photos that showed grotesque yellow teeth. It must be my imagination, but I was already feeling the cool metal collid ing with my teeth and the pain caused by it. One by one, the receptionist called each patient’s name and when a child entered the office occasionally it is heard a yell from inside the office where the child had disappeared. The parents’ faces were of impatience.I saw how all the children were staring at their parents with fear in their eyes. About two hours after of my inner petrifaction a sudden tapping of heeled shoes awoken me, a woman in white uniform came from the corridor with something like a book. I looked up to see better the person that was calling my name. A sudden shock of emotion was present in the air, my pulse raced, and my hands sweat. I was walking down a corridor full of more frightening photos. A breath escaped from my lips and straight away I swallow the lump that has accumulated in my throat.When I visualized a white door, I stopped and I could see a paper with the name of the dentist. As I entered I could see everything that was kept in there. A big blue chair protruded among all the other things inside the room covered with cold hard metal machines gleaming like saying ‘Welcome'. I saw a plastic cup in one of the handles of the chair and next to it there was something like knives of different sizes. At the left side of that big chair there was the person that would cause pain in my teeth. As I sat in the chair, an instant rush of adrenaline traveled through my body.With a small mirror the doctor began to check my teeth. Then there was an assault of stomach-turning as the doctor took an instrument from the table. The sterile smell of the office caused me a stomach-ache. My blood pumped into my head. Meanwhile some cold metal was traveling into my mouth, I realized that I was unable to move but not because the machines were working but because I was in shock when I noticed the sudden tickling inside my stomach. My eyes shined with emotions. The first dental consult was not that hard as people described it.

buy custom American Education vs. Foreign essay

buy custom American Education vs. Foreign essay Public education is in the United States of America is universally available for all. It is provided by three public sectors usually funded by the federal government, the individual state and the locals. However, a majority of American students of up to 70% lack financial resources to pay up their tuition fees in our schools. These students rely on students loans for their universities, the federal government or a private lender. However, a few charity institutions cover the tuition fees although scholarships are widely available. This puts into question the seriousness worlds superpower on its stand for knowledge transmission to its populace especially the youth (Warren and Eugene 1983, pp. 379). However, the US schools lag behind compared to others of the developed countries not mentioning the third world nations in the fields of science, mathematics, and reading. The USA is ranked 37th in the world in education spending as a percentage of GDP yet it has the largest and the most technologically driven economy in the world with per capita GDP of $47, 400. With this then, why cant education be fully funded by the federal government and leave alone the individual states and the locals to make America an equal opportunity land? This is because of the tax variation in the various states (Warren and Eugene 1983, pp. 379). Moreover, foreign students in the US rarely get fully funded by the state. They get their funding from their families and only about 20% receive their academic funding from their colleges or universities. International student scholarships in the USA are very competitive with annual undergraduate tuition varying from state to state. It is worth noting that private schools tuition is much higher than public schools as they are highly specialized technical institutes. This again poses the question of equality. Is American education bridging the gap between the rich and the poorbecause sophisticated education facilities are becoming a preserve for the higher class who can afford high tuition in private schools for their children? This is not in the spirit of the American togetherness. The funding of education in the USA is a complex process but the controversy arises much from the no child is left behind act which gives the department of education the USA the right to with holding funding if it believes a school , a district or even a state is not complying and is making no effort to comply. This is denies the universality of education for all and promoting the no spirit of liberalism (Rowena, November 2009). Compared to the French education system, the French education system is highly centralized, organized and ramified with the striking feature of small size and multiplicity of establishments in more or less broad spectrum of disciplines. Higher education in France, compared to America is state funded with very low tuition fees depending on the university and the different level of education (Rowena, November 2009). Contrary to another nation like Cuba where following the 1959 revolution, the Castro government liberalized all the education institutions creating a system entirely controlled by the central government with the government expenditures on education receiving the highest priority in funding the education sector. According to UNESCO Cuba allocates 10% of its annual budget to education compared to the 2% by the US government funding and the 4% funding by the United Kingdom. This is ironical to the worlds super power laying low tentacles on education sector. Irrespective of your class, income and your hoods, in Cuba, education is free for all at all levels. School uniforms and meals are provided for free with schools opening for close to 12 hours. There are also mobile teachers deployed to homes with children who are unable to attend schools. Over half of teachhers in Cuban primary schools have masters degrees. This has created literacy campaigns leading to Cuba being the highest in literate levels in the world. Students and volunteers go to rural areas to teach other country men to read and provide information on current Cuban politics as rural women receive job training and schooling outside agriculture. About 85% of parents send their children to public schools largely because of the funding. One tenth of the students are enrolled in primary schools with tax burdens by district schools varying from area to area. However parents may choose to educate their children from home with only 1.7% of the children educated in this manner. The high tax burden in schools has led to high school drop outs especially for African American male students. Do you still believe that America is still holding on as a land of opportunities for all with this inequality in education sector? No wonder in 2010, according to a report by organization for economic cooperation, American students were down in performance edging in17th rank worldwide majorly due to low end in socioeconomic scales leading to this low level of achievement (Rowena, November 2009). The USA government has done little in education to encourage high achieving in education. The low level productivity evaluations in the academics, allowing for low comparisons in the world is per se not amusing; the USA students average scores in international comparisons have been below average of the developed countries. This is a slap on the flamboyant America. We need to invest in our future generations, the legacy and the love for our nation, our dream and the future. America has all it takes ahead of other nations of the world as a land of heritage to invest highly in the education sector with full funding of our education system to make this not only the bets security hub and land of opportunities but also an academic bandwagon. Buy custom American Education vs. Foreign essay

APA Paper Format

APA Paper Format APA Paper Format APA Paper Format Most of the college papers must be written in APA format. APA format is a generally accepted norm for academic paper formatting. It defines the rules for college paper style: in-text citation references, pagination, margins, etc. In general, APA format requires the following: Use 1 inch margins from all sides of the page. The first page is the title page. The shortened title as well as page numbers placed in upper right corners. The distance is 1 inch from the top of the page and 1inch from the right side. Double-space between the lines. Make references for the list of cited references. The list also should be double-spaced.  It is placed at the end of the college paper writing and it includes the works that you used writing paper. This list should be organized in alphabetical order by the last name of the author. The font size is 12 point. But the requirements of different colleges are diverse that is you may be asked to use 14 point font size for the paper. Do not forget to include an abstract paragraph right after the cover page! No outline is necessary! Paper Editing If you are not sure how to apply APA style to your paper, you may ask for professional paper editing service at site. We can definitely ensure that your paper is edited in proper APA format.   It implies to proper formatting of cover page, abstract, headings, citations, reference list and even page layout.   Paper writing editing is a qualitative assistance.   It means that in addition to corrected format, you will receive free recommendation on how to improve your paper.   Professional editor will highlight the sections of your paper that need improvement or revision.   In addition, editor will tell you why and how to improve your paper.   Thus, you get paper properly formatted in APA plus a detailed recommendation. Editing Paper Service It has never been easier to have your paper refined.   If you seek paper editing service, it means that you care about your grades and you want to ensure that your paper follows APA format.   Our editing prices are low enough to avoid financial burden on you.   APA paper format is not exceptionally difficult to follow; however, it is very easy to get lost in all peculiarities of it.   We are available 24/7 to help.

Ea, E., Itzhaki, M., Ehezrenfeld, M., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2012) Assignment

Ea, E., Itzhaki, M., Ehezrenfeld, M., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2012). Acculturation among immigrant nurses in Israel and the United S - Assignment Example Who participated or contributed data? The study involved the participation of 50 FSU nurses who are undergoing the process of completing an 18-months educational program at a training school in Israel to become professional registered nurses (RNs), and currently serving as practical nurses. All the participants have an experience in working with the FSU as well as old age homes. A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ASASFA) and demographic questionnaires were administered to 141 Filipino RNs. What methods were used to collect data? Acculturation was conducted through the use of A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans. A t-test was then conducted to identify the variability in acculturation between the two groups. Data was collected by use of questionnaires which were administered to the 50 FSU nurses. Convenience sampling technique was used in the recruitment of the Filipino RNs attending a national convention organized by Philippines Nurses Association of Am erican. ASASFA was used to determine acculturation among Filipino RNs. The translated version was used to assess the FSU nurses. Was an intervention tested? No intervention was tested. What were the main findings? All FSU nurses were female with 68 per cent of them being married, 18% not married and the rest divorced. The age range of the participants was from 25 to 49 years with a mean of 34 years. The average length of residence in Israel was found to be 9.6 years. 66% of the participants reported average income, 32% reported low income while 2% reported high income. The purchasing power parity of the FSU nurses was found to be reasonable. An analysis of the Filipino RNs showed that 86.5% were female and 68.8% married. They had a group mean age of 45 years, 92.9% have a baccalaureate degree in nursing and an annual income of more than $60 000. Their average length of USA residency is 18 years. The acculturation mean for all FSU nurses was 2.15 out of 5 with a standard deviation of 0.39. The Filipino RNs group acculturation mean was found out to be 3 with a standard deviation of 0.39. The t-test confirmed the presence of a significant difference in acculturation between the two groups i.e. 11.30. The results indicate that the acculturation level of the Filipino RNs leaned towards the host culture. However, the FSU nurses portrayed an acculturation that is close to their original culture than the Israel culture. A high acculturation mean between the Filipino RNs indicates that they were comfortable with the use of the host’s language in all aspects of interactions. They were also comfortable with interacting with the members of the host culture. Credibility Is the study published in a source that required peer review? Yes X No ___Not sure ___ The publishing of the study in an article that requires peer review portrays the standard and credible nature of the results. Was the design used appropriate to the research questions? Yes X No ___Not sure ___ The descriptive design and convenience sampling was appropriate for answering the research questions. The researchers were interested in exploring acculturation differences between immigrant nurses in Israel and the United States of America. Did the data obtained and the analysis conducted answers the research ques

Denver International Airport (DIA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Denver International Airport (DIA) - Essay Example DIA engineers use MapGuide to keep tabs on its massive underground utility systems including 11,365 miles of copper cable – enough to link the U.S to Argentina. The largest airport in the world is King Fahd International Airport in Saudi Arabia. Canada’s Montreal-Mirabel Airport is ranked second. The United States of America’s Denver International Airport occupies third spot (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Denver International Airport {commonly referred to as DIA} is situated in the northeastern area of Denver in the state of Colorado. Its airfield, passenger and cargo facilities cover a massive land area of 54 square miles {140 square kilometers} (Wikipedia.org, 2007). DIA has an unusual signature white colored tension fabric roof that evokes memories of the snow-covered Rocky Mountains during winter (Wikipedia.org, 2007) – Denver lies at the rim of the Great Plains at the foot of the Rocky Mountains (Castellino, p.7). The tallest point of the roof extends 126 feet above floor level. The huge weight of the roof is borne by 34 vertical poles and 10 miles of steel wire (Datawarehouse.com, 2007). DIA is also famous for its unique pedestrian bridge that links its terminal to one of the Concourses; it affords a wonderful view of airplanes taxiing on the tarmac below (Wikipedia.org, 2007). The massive 33 storey, 327 foot high Control Tower was designed by Leo A. Daly and constructed by M.A. Mortensen Co.’s Federal Contracting Group (Flydenver.com, 2007). DIA was constructed primarily as a replacement for Stapleton International Airport that has since been decommissioned. The U.S. Federal government allocated an initial amount of $ 60 million to build DIA in September 1989 (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Hispanic Mayor Federico Pena {term as Mayor: 1983 to 1991} easily the most active, capable and farsighted Mayor of Denver, was in office at that time (Castellino, p.33). Although scheduled to be ready in four years’ time, the project extended to five

Business Informaton Managemnt BIM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Informaton Managemnt BIM) - Essay Example an easy to use communication channel to various individuals and corporations, information on almost every subject is readily available and it facilitates the conducting of various activities such as personal selling, account payments, advertising, publicity and even sales transactions among others With our focus on marketing, it must be borne in mind that the new information and communication technology has revolutionised the ways of marketing communication and doing business. The advent of the internet has brought about new features that make communication relatively easy and can reach a wide range of people located in diverse geographical areas. Digital communication via the use of the internet is very fast and effective. In terms of Marketing, Kotler (1998) calls this online marketing. Various companies have set up their online channels where marketing information about their products can be readily available from time to time. The internet is a medium that uses broadcasting and publishing with the aid of connectivity of computers that are online. Unlike other traditional forms of media, the use of the internet can facilitate a two way communication between the participants involved. In this case, both the marketer and the consumers have a direct link which makes it relati vely easier for the marketer to identify the needs and interests of the consumers. Thus, according to the marketing concept, marketing managers should try to identify the needs of their customers as well as satisfy them. In some instances, these customers are isolated and located further apart but their needs have to be satisfied which prompts the managers to undertake research in a bid to keep pace with the changes taking place in the market. Strydom, (2004 p86) defines marketing research as, â€Å"the systematic design, collection, interpretation and reporting of information used to help marketers solve specific problems to take advantage of marketing opportunities.† In undertaking this

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Example for Free

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Lost Generation – (young boys leaving school and going to war for their country) (Page 85) ‘’That’s what set us apart and made our parents’ world a little difficult for us to understand; because somehow we were always gently bound up with that world, submissive to it all, and the smallest thing led us onwards along the path of eternity. Perhaps it was just the privilege of our youth – we were not yet able to see any restrictions, and we could not admit to ourselves that things would ever come to an end; expectation was in our blood, and this meant that we were at one with our lives as the days went by. ’ (Page 85) ‘’Now we would wander around like strangers in those landscapes of our youth. We have been consumed in the fires of reality, we perceive differences only in the way tradesmen do, and we see necessities like butchers. We are free of care no longer – we are terrifying indifferent. We might be present in that world, but would we be alive in it? We are like children who have been abandoned and we are as experienced as old men, we are coarse, unhappy and superficial – I think that we are lost. ’’ (Wikipedia) Almost to a man, the young men are moved to join the army. The young enlistees are shown in basic training, aching for action fighting in the war. -Soldiers are referred to ‘young soldiers’ all the time, because young men, almost boys even, are sent to war. They leave school and are sent to fight for their country. (Internet) ‘’Arriving in training camp, the young boys expect war to be a great lark’’ * The boys were so young and unaware, they didn’t know what to expect from the war, but they thought it was going to be great fun and were very unaware of anything that was going to happen. They were happy to be going away, fighting for their country, they thought they were becoming men by doing this. (Internet) ‘’each young and impressionable, are recruited and trained to fight for the glory of the fatherland. ’’ (-George McGovern) ‘’Im fed up to the ears with old men dreaming up wars for young men to die in. ’’ Peer pressure. Some young boys don’t want to go to war but because all of their friends are going they get persuaded by peer ressure and by teachers, that fighting for their country would be a great duty and if they didn’t, they would be seen as a coward in their hometown. (Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet On The Western Front, Ch. 1) Yes, thats the way they think, these hundred thousand Kantoreks! Iron Youth! Youth! We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? That is long ago. We are old folk. (Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet On The Western Front, Ch. 10)I am young, I am twenty years old; yet I know nothing of life but despair, death, fear, and fatuous superficiality cast over an abyss of sorrow. I see how peoples are set against one another, and in silence, unknowingly, foolishly, obediently, innocently slay one another. (Book)‘’When we went to the District Commandant to enlist, we were a class of twenty young men, many of whom proudly shaved for the first time before going to the barracks. We had no definite plans for our future. Our thoughts for a career and occupation were as yet of too unpractical a character to furnish any scheme of life. We were still crammed with vague ideas which gave to life, and to the war also, an ideal and almost romantic character. ’’

A Cuban Reading of Psalm 137 :: Cuba Religion Bible Christianity Essays

A Cuban Reading of Psalm 137 There are two Cubas. On the Island are revolutionaries crusading to construct a Cuba that combats any attempt to subjugate her spirit to the US hegemony. On the (main)land are the modernists who look toward the United States as the guide and hope for revitalizing a Post-Castro Cuba. Consequently, the Cuban community is divided into two antagonistic camps: Resident Cubans living under Castro's Marxist regime, and Exilic Cubans living under a global capitalist system. Due to these political and economic differences, we Cubans are a people divided against ourselves. This division creates a unique space in how we read the Bible differently than the rest of Latin America or other U.S. Hispanic groups. Theologians operating from a liberationalist perspective focus on Exodus as a source of hope for their existential situation. The story of a God who hears the cries of the oppressed and personally leads them toward liberation is a powerful motif. However, Exodus is not the rubric from which we Exilic Cubans read the scriptures. It is the second exodus, narrating the Babylonian Captivity, that resonates within our very being. Like the Psalmist of 137 we sit by the streams of this country, singing about our inability to sing God's songs. †¢ BESIDE THE MIAMI RIVER WE SAT AND WEPT AT THE MEMORY OF LA HABANA LEAVING OUR CONGA DRUMS BY THE PALM TREES. In la sagà ¼esera (Southwest Miami), on Calle Ocho (Eighth Street), is a restaurant called Versailles, dubbed El palacio de los Espejos (The mirrored palace). What makes this restaurant unique are the mirrored walls. Sitting at the table in the crowded salon, I constantly see myself reflected on one of many heavily-gilded mirrors. As we Exilic Cubans look in the mirrors surrounding us, we are in fact searching for our ontological origin. Not so much what we are, but what we see ourselves as being. Versailles serves as a vivid illustration to Lacan's theory of the Mirror Stage. Lacan, the postmodern psychoanalyst, maintains that while I look at myself in the mirror, I assume that what I see is a reflection of a self ─ a secondary reflection faithful (more or less) to the likeness of an existing original self. Lacan would propose the opposite, that the image in the mirror is what constructs the self. My encounter with the mirror literally reverses the direction, and serves the function of forming my "I.

The Odyssey and Propaganda

â€Å"Homer’s The Odyssey and Virgil’s Aeneid as Propagandistic Literature† Propaganda is a powerful social tool that influences audiences through manipulation and selective viewpoints and has been witnessed in history as far back as written records exist. It has been used to sanction the rise of new leaders, herald a society and its dominance, and push ideological agendas to audiences of all backgrounds throughout civilizations. The methods that propaganda has been used are numerous and include both written and spoken forms of communication to reach the audience.Literature is not exempt from the use of propaganda and Homer’s The Odyssey and Virgil’s The Aeneid are two historical sources where it can be found. The propaganda seen in these texts share similarities and differences which can be compared and contrasted and include the values of the societies they represent, the destinies of the heroes and what each represents to the society, and how the backgrounds of the creators influence what occurs in the story with emphasis on politics and traditions.The Odyssey shares similar propaganda to The Aeneid, although it is not as immediately apparent given the historical backgrounds that led to the creation of each, in regards to the political and social changes being experienced around the time The Aeneid was written. The type of propaganda that is emphasized in The Odyssey is based around the dominance and traditions of Ancient Greek society and culture, the necessity of honoring the gods and goddesses, and maintaining virtues that are universal throughout society while emphasizing the importance of the individual.It is demonstrated through the journey of Odysseus, which begins with the Trojan War and follows with each adventure that he experiences on his return to Ithaca, ending on a message of the importance of homecoming when he reaches the shores of his island. The dominance of Ancient Greek society is displayed immediately i n the backstory of how the Achaeans overcame the city of Troy and won the Trojan War. It emphasizes the intelligence and cunning of the Achaeans through the example of the Trojan Horse which Odysseus thought of that was used to infiltrate the city. That the Greeks would emerge victorious at the end of a en-year siege over a powerful foe demonstrates the strength of the society militarily. Cultural influences that are affected by propaganda in The Odyssey demonstrate the achievements, values, and traditions of Ancient Greece through references to the ideal individual, proper hospitality, and the honoring of the gods and goddesses. The individual in Ancient Greek society was valued as a strong mental and physical person, who displayed cunning and strength, had a silver tongue and demonstrated articulate thoughts through powerful rhetoric, that could handle any challenge while creating an eternal legacy.The ideal individual was also loyal to his family and society, and was dedicated to the values and traditions instilled in them from birth. This is all demonstrated through Odysseus and his actions, from creating the idea of the Trojan Horse and displaying leadership in battle, to outsmarting the cyclops Polyphemus, to having an unfaltering love for his wife Penelope. Proper hospitality is explained through the suitors that have overrun Odysseus’s home, who slaughter his animals, drink his wine, and made themselves unwelcome guests. Homer is able to provide an example of how not to act when a person is a guest in another’s home.Conversely, he demonstrates proper hospitality by using the goatherd as an example when he takes a disguised beggar that is Odysseus into his home. The honoring of the gods and goddesses that were above all mortal men and women was important in the culture of Greek society, and this is demonstrated through the events of The Odyssey, whether it is praying to a god for safety and wellbeing, acting in a way so as not to anger a g od such as Poseidon, offering sacrifice to honor the legacy of a god or drinking to the honor of a god to gain their support.Homecoming is the destiny that is attributed to the story of Odysseus and his fate of returning to Ithaca emphasizes the importance of never leaving the place you were born or the ones you love, a value that was important to Ancient Greek society. These are all examples of propaganda that was used in The Odyssey, which was shared through a rich oral tradition that helped instill these ideals and virtues into the core of Ancient Greek society. Unlike The Odyssey, which began as an oral story and then written at a later date, The Aeneid was written from the point of its creation.It originated at a time of political and social change in Roman society, which influenced not only its creation but the characters and story in it. According to the â€Å"Vita Servii [which] states that the writing of the Aeneid had been undertaken at the express proposal of the emperor † (Avery 225). As it was commissioned by Augustus Caesar, this meant that it was rife with propaganda that emphasized the dominance of Roman society, its importance, and its values such as duty and honor.Caesar sought to restore tradition to Rome and remind its citizens of its history at a time when this was important to the continued prosperity of Rome under new rule. Aeneas was used a vessel for examining these functions of propaganda and his journey reinforced these virtues. In effect, Virgil â€Å"draws certain parallels to achieve one of his many political aims-constructing a national identity for Rome as glorious and ancient as that of Greece† (Bell 228). Virgil offered a new perspective on the Trojan War, immediately dispelling the Achaeans as scum for their trickery, which reinforced the dominance of the Trojans.He allowed Aeneas to survive the Trojan War, and used the gods and goddesses that were integral to Roman religion to create a destiny where it was his d uty to found Rome and bring about its prominence, despite not being entirely aware that this was his fate. Due to this, Aeneas embodies the ideal Roman citizen, much as Odysseus embodied the ideal Greek individual. He is filled with duty and honor and not giving up in a time of strife, as when he loses his home of Troy.This is compared to the society of Rome at the time of writing, which was under new leadership and government, and emphasized the importance of society remaining strong and prosperous. Duty to the gods was emphasized through Aeneas and his support from Juno, who reminded him that he has to continue on despite finding love in Dido. The importance of Roman society is examined when despite being injured in combat, Aeneas is able to recover due to the interference of Venus, and was gifted a shield that depicted the future of Rome.In the scenes on the shield, Julius Caesar can be seen, as well as the Battle of Actium, and several other key events known at the time of writi ng to be integral to the history of Rome and all of which would be a direct result of the duty that Aeneas was to serve through his piety. Virgil was effectively able to create a politically driven and supported example of propaganda through his writing of The Aeneid, and the significance of its creation led to a more unified Rome which benefited Augustus Caesar in his rule and cemented Virgil is the annals of history as a great epic poet.Propaganda was a useful tool for both Homer and Virgil, and both men were able to use it in effect to instill and remind the audiences of The Odyssey and The Aeneid of the dominance of the Ancient Greek and Roman societies as well as their values and traditions that remained deeply rooted in each society until the downfall of the respective civilization. Works Cited Avery, William T. â€Å"Augustus and the Aeneid. † The Classical Journal 52. 5 (1957): 225-29. Print. Bell, Kimberly K. â€Å"†Translatio† and the Constructs of a Ro man Nation in Virgil's â€Å"Aeneid†Ã¢â‚¬  Rocky Mountain Review 62. 1 (2008): 11-24. Print.

Tranisition Into a Global Organization

What marketing considerations do you need to understand as you evolve from a domestic supplier or international distributor to a fully integrated global company? Is it an easy transition or does it demand restructuring of your market functions? There are many factors an organization must consider before and during the transition into a fully integrated global company. Although the transition may not be easy, evaluation of and planning for these considerations will enable an organization to evolve into a strong global organization. During this process of transition from a domestic company to a true global organization, some restructuring of the market functions will have to occur. The traditional marketing model from the seller’s point of view, or the Four â€Å"Ps† of marketing, is based on Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. This model is based on the assumption that the marketplace is driven by manufacturers. According to Schultz and Kitchen (2000), manufactured-driven marketplace has â€Å"evolved† into a distribution-driven market place where major retailers or distributors like Wal-Mart control the marketplace. Schultz and Kitchen (2000) go on to state that the marketplace is continuing to evolve into a newly emerging interactive marketplace brought about by the development of the internet and new e-commerce business applications. In this new interactive marketplace, the consumer interests rule and as a result, manufacturers, according to Schultz and Kitchen (2000) must adjust to consumer needs. This new trend has led to a new marketing model from the consumer’s point of view. This model, called the Four â€Å"Cs† is consumer oriented as opposed to the traditional seller oriented Four â€Å"Ps† model. The Four â€Å"Cs† model of marketing are Customers, Company, Competitors, and Circumstances. The global marketplace, according to Schultz and Kitchen (2000) is a combination of the other three marketplace functions. If this is the case, an organization that wishes to evolve into a fully integrated global company must evaluate the global market based on the Four â€Å"Ps† and the Four â€Å"Cs† and develop a business plan accordingly to the specific marketplace of implementation. What works locally for a domestic organization may not work lobally. Consider the example of the Starbucks Company failure in Australia. According to Patterson, Scott and Uncles (2010), a contributing factor to the failure of Starbucks in the Australian marketplace was that Starbucks tried to bring â€Å"what worked in the US and applying it here (Australia), without really understanding the local market. † Starbucks had an unsustainable business model because the company failed to do the research that would have enabled the company to effectively market its product to the Australian consumer. References Patterson, P. , Scott, J. , & Uncles, M.. (2010). How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks. Australasian Marketing Journal, 18, 41-47. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/pqdweb? did=2097829591&sid=4&Fmt=3&clientId=62546&RQT=309&VName=PQD Schultz, D. & Kitchen, P.. (2000). Communicating Globally: An integrated marketing approach. Lincolnwood, IL: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/docDetail. action? docID=10153056

Policing Development and Operation Trends Essay Example

Policing Development and Operation Trends Essay Example Policing Development and Operation Trends Essay Policing Development and Operation Trends Essay Write a 1. 050-1. 400-word paper in which you analyze the organisational direction. disposal. and operational facets of patroling within patroling organisations. In your analysis. be certain to measure yesteryear. nowadays. and future tendencies refering to the go oning development and operation of the field of patroling and how these developments impact assorted patroling organisations ( local. province. federal ) . Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. You can larn tonss in college. It is non merely a great topographic point to acquire an academic instruction. but you can acquire a societal instruction. excessively. When you use the advice from this article. you can do your clip in college success and productive and the best clip of your life.

Citezenship essays

Citezenship essays To many people a good U.S. citizen should be one who obeys all the laws established. To some, a patriotic person could be a good citizen. Of course not all people think the same thing. Everyone has the potential to be a decent U.S. citizen. All people could be an awesome citizen of the United States. In my personal opinion there is no such thing as a good U.S. citizen. I think that everybody living in the States has the potential to be a good citizen. Everybody breaks a law at some point in there life. Whether it be a small offense such as, going five miles over the speed limit or something to the extreme such as arson. This does not affect whether or not you are a good citizen, this just determines whether or not you are a good person. A veteran of the Korean War would be a prime example of being patriotic. Not only were they willing to fight for freedom but willing to put their lives in danger for their country. This does not mean they are the best candidate for citizen of the year. It means they are brave and willing to put their life on the line for the sake of other people. This person may have no knowledge of the history of the country they are fighting for. But who is to say they are bad citizens. Charles Manson could be another prime example. He killed a number of people over a matter of years while at the same time gaining followers who in turn did the exact same thing he had previously done. Does that make him a bad citizen? It definitely makes him an extremely bad person but not necessarily a bad citizen. This does not justify the morbid things he had done it simply states that he may not be a bad citizen. Charles Manson could have been the biggest history buff of anyone, yet again who can say he is a bad citizen. For the last example I will use myself. I am a patriotic person, not necessarily as much as some other people but I am none the less. Yet I have gone a couple miles over the sp ...

Learn About Using Constants in Java

Learn About Using Constants in Java There are many values in the real world which will never change. A square will always have four sides, PI to three decimal places will always be 3.142, and a day will always have 24 hours. These values remain constant. When writing a program it makes sense to represent them in the same way - as values that will not be modified once they have been assigned to a variable. These variables are known as constants. Declaring a Variable As a Constant In declaring variables we showed that it’s easy to assign a value to an  int variable: int numberOfHoursInADay 24; We know this value is never going to change in the real world so we make sure it doesn’t in the program. This is done by adding the keyword modifierfinal: final int NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY 24; In addition to thefinal keyword you should have noticed that the case of the variable name has changed to be uppercase as per the standard Java naming convention. This makes it far easier to spot which variables are constants in your code. If we now try and change the value ofNUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY: final int NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY 24;NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY 36; we will get the following error from the compiler: cannot assign a value to final variable NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY The same goes for any of the other primitive data type variables. To make them into constants just add thefinal keyword to their declaration. Where to Declare Constants As with normal variables you want to limit the scope of constants to where they are used. If the value of the constant is only needed in a method then declare it there: public static int calculateHoursInDays(int days) { final int NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY 24; return days * NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY; } If it’s used by more than one method then declare it at the top of the class definition: public class AllAboutHours{ private static final int NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY 24; public int calculateHoursInDays(int days) { return days * NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY; } public int calculateHoursInWeeks(int weeks) { final int NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_A_WEEK 7; return weeks * NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_A_WEEK * NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY; }} Notice how I’ve also added the keyword modifiersprivate and static to the variable declaration of NUMBER_OF_HOURS_IN_A_DAY. This means that the constant can only be used by its class (hence the private scope) but you could just as easily make it a public constant if you want other classes to have access to it. The static keyword is to allow the value of the constant to be shared amongst all instances of an object. As its the same value for every object created, it only needs to have one instance. Using the Final Keyword with Objects It’s very important to realize that when it comes to objects, Java does not support constants as you might expect. If you assign a variable to an object using thefinal keyword it means the variable will only ever hold the reference to that object. It cannot be changed to reference another object. However, it does not mean that the contents of the object cannot change. A Brief Note on the Const Keyword You may have noticed in the reserved words list that there is a keyword calledconst. This is not used with constants, in fact, it’s not used at all in the Java language.